人工智能与社会公平:国际经验、影响机制与公共政策
Al and Social Fairness:International Experience,Mechanism and Public Policy
陈斌开 1徐翔2
作者信息
- 1. 中央财经大学;中央财经大学经济学院
- 2. 中央财经大学经济学院
- 折叠
摘要
人工智能技术的发展与进步对经济社会产生深远影响.作为一种新的通用目的技术,人工智能一方面对现有工作岗位产生一定替代作用,给就业市场与劳动收入带来负面影响;另一方面也创造了一些新的就业机会,对一些部门的劳动生产率产生积极作用.通过历史经验梳理与国别比较发现,自20世纪40年代信息科技革命开始以来,技术进步对全球收入不平等的扩张作用更为显著,而且表现出较为明显的国别差异.通过分析人工智能技术进步影响收入不平等的主要作用机制发现,人工智能技术进步具有扩大收入差距的张力,但其最终产生何种影响取决于政府收入分配政策.为了应对人工智能冲击,应当采取有效的公共政策,以促进机会均等化为主要手段促进社会公平.
Abstract
The development and progress of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has a profound impact on economy and society.As a new general-purpose technology,AI has replaced a number of existing jobs,which has a negative impact on labor market and incomes.On the other hand,it has also created some new employment opportunities and increased productivity in some sectors.Through studying historical experience and country comparison,this article finds that since the beginning of the information technology revolution in the 1940s,technological progress has had a more significant role in the expansion of global income inequality,and it shows a more obvious country difference.By analyzing the main mechanism of AI technological progress affecting income inequality,this article finds that the substitution effect of AI on labor force occupies a dominant position,and,together with other effects,it expands income inequality and leads to social inequality.This article further discusses public policy options to deal with the impact of AI,and proposes that promoting equal opportunity should be the main means to promote social equity.
关键词
人工智能/通用目的技术/社会公平/收入不平等/公共政策引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家自然科学基金"中国经济发展规律的基础理论与实证"专项(72342031)
北京市社会科学基金(23JCC085)
中央财经大学教育教学改革项目(2022)(2022ZXJG15)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据