The purpose is to explore the influence of different surface treatments on the surface properties of EMU ax-les,the surface properties of EMU axles under seven surface treatments are evaluated based on the residual stress.Aiming at the unloading groove of standard EMU axle,the relationship between surface roughness and surface residual stress under different mesh sandpaper polishing is studied,and the best polishing process parameters are determined.The results show that the rolling process can form large surface residual stress,and the surface residual stress value of 320 mesh sandpaper grinding and 180 mesh sandpaper is approximately the same.There are differences in the surface residual stress formed by different operators and different periods of polishing.The stable grinding performance of axle surface can be guaranteed by polishing with 180 grit sandpaper and 300r/min.