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美国限制对华科技投资的演进、影响与应对

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随着美国不断加严对华投资审查,中美经济关系正面临前所未有的挑战.特别是《第 14105号行政命令》颁布之后,美国进一步明确对华半导体与微电子、人工智能、量子信息技术等关键领域的投资限制.文章全面梳理美国对华投资审查制度的历史演进,解析中美战略博弈的内在逻辑,并详细探讨行政令中的新限制措施对中美关系和全球经济格局造成的潜在影响.同时,文章还对美国对华投资审查的未来走向进行了研判.虽然美国的投资限制对中国的技术发展造成一定冲击,但中国在全球科技竞争中的核心竞争力和巨大市场潜力,使得美国及其盟友的策略并不可能完全奏效.为积极应对美国在科技领域的对华战略遏制,中国需要采取一系列对策:更高水平的对外开放、积极参与全球规则制定,以及加强在技术领域的国际合作.
Evolution,Impact,and Responses to U.S.Restrictions on Technological Investments in China
With the escalating scrutiny of Chinese investments by the United States,the economic relationship between China and the U.S.is facing unprecedented challenges.Particularly,following the issuance of Executive Order 14105,the U.S.has further specified investment restrictions in key areas such as semiconductors and microe-lectronics,quantum information technologies,and artificial intelligence capabilities.This article comprehensively reviews the historical evolution of the U.S.investment review system concerning China,analyzes the underlying logic of the strategic competition between China and the U.S.,and extensively discusses the potential impacts of the new restrictive measures outlined in the executive order on Sino-U.S.relations and the global economic land-scape.Additionally,the article offers an assessment of the future trajectory of U.S.scrutiny of Chinese invest-ments.Despite the adverse impact of U.S.investment restrictions on China's technological development,China's core competitiveness in global technological competition and its vast market potential render the strategies of the U.S.and its allies unlikely to be fully effective.To actively respond to U.S.strategic containment in the techno-logical domain,China needs to adopt a series of measures,including higher levels of openness to the outside world,active participation in global rule-making,and strengthening international cooperation in technology.

Chinese investment scrutinyforeign direct investmentinvestment restrictionstechnological competition

桑百川、武云欣、李川川

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对外经济贸易大学国际经济研究院

对华投资审查 外商直接投资 投资限制 科技竞争

国家社会科学基金重大项目中央高校基本科研业务费专项对外经济贸易大学项目

19ZDA06422QD13

2024

国际贸易
中国商务出版社

国际贸易

CSSCI北大核心
影响因子:1.284
ISSN:1002-4999
年,卷(期):2024.(5)
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