Agricultural Disasters and Governance in Turpan during the Late Qing Dynasty
Traditional Chinese society boasts a robust history of effectively managing and sur-mounting disasters,with both grassroots communities and bureaucratic structures cultivating their respective response frameworks.The bureaucratic apparatus assumes a pivotal role in or-chestrating and mobilizing resources,leveraging spatial advantages to ensure agricultural stabili-ty through collaboration with grassroots entities.Conversely,grassroots communities contribute crucial disaster information,response strategies,and manpower,offering avenues for govern-mental intervention.During the Qing Dynasty,China witnessed an expansion of governance,extending disaster response mechanisms from core regions to border areas.This initiative se-cured agricultural production and integrated specialized disaster response approaches in frontier regions,thereby enriching China's disaster management expertise.In the late Qing Dynasty,the Turpan region faced recurrent natural calamities.Despite this,local inhabitants bolstered national and ethnic identities,uniting in adversity and overcoming diverse challenges with state support.While traditional perspectives commend the disaster response during the late Qing Dy-nasty,a global outlook underscores the developmental hurdles and backwardness characterizing China's societal evolution in modern times.