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中国生物油气发展现状及未来对策

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生物油气是基本不改变油气利用形态又能实现碳减排的油气产品。2023年中国生物油气产量约为689万吨标煤,占生物质能源产品的17%。与传统油气相比,生物油气具有"分散式小规模""点多面广"的生产经营特点,"就近利用""就近入网"的运输利用特点,"跨行业多部门""特许经营与市场运行并存"的发展模式特点。当前中国生物油气发展面临气候治理和碳中和目标的新动力,规模提升与模式创新并重的新要求,出口受阻与国内市场容量不足并存的新问题。未来生物油气需要实施"原料、市场、模式、技术"四大战略:进一步完善生物油气相关的有机废弃物收集、运输和储存体系,扩大原料规模;扩大国内B5车用燃料推广范围,拓展生物船舶燃料和生物航煤国际市场;以生物油气分布式应用场景、低碳和绿色认证体系为抓手,拓展生物油气负碳效应;以木质纤维素乙醇、微藻柴油、可持续航空燃料、合成生物燃料为重点,加大科技创新力度,促进生物油气产业迭代升级。
Current status and future countermeasures of bio-oil and gas development in China
Bio-oil and bio-gas are products that basically do not change the way oil and gas is used and can reduce carbon emissions.In 2023,China's bio-oil and bio-gas production was about 6.89 million tons of standard coal equivalent,accounting for 17%of biomass energy products.Compared with traditional oil and gas,they have such production and operation characteristics as distributed and small-scale,a lot of points and wide ranges,the transportation and utilization characteristics including nearby utilization and nearby access to the network,and the development mode characteristics of cross-industry&multi-sector and co-existence of franchising and market operation.At present,China's bio-oil and bio-gas development is faced with the new impetus of climate governance and carbon neutrality,the new requirements of scale upgrading and model innovation,and the new problems of export obstruction and insufficient domestic market capacity.In the future,China's bio-oil and bio-gas development needs to implement such four major strategies of raw material,market,mode,and technology as further improving the collection,transportation,and storage system of bio-oil and bio-gas-related organic waste to expand the scale of raw material,promoting the scope of domestic B5 vehicle fuel and expanding the international market of bio-marine fuel and bio-aviation fuel,facilitating the development of bio-oil and bio-gas through the development of negative emissions effects by distributed application scenarios,low-carbon,and green certification system,and focusing on lignocellulose ethanol,microalgae biodiesel,sustainable aviation fuel,and synthetic biofuels,as well as increasing scientific and technological innovation to promote the iterative upgrading of the bio-oil and gas industry.

biomassbio-oil and bio-gasbio-natural gasbio-dieselSAF

孙慧、王乐乐、杨雷

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北京大学能源研究院

中国产业发展促进会生物质能产业分会

生物质 生物油气 生物天然气 生物柴油 可持续航空燃料

2024

国际石油经济
中国石油学会石油经济专业委员会,中国石油集团经济技术研究院,中国石油规划总院

国际石油经济

CSTPCDCHSSCD
影响因子:0.777
ISSN:1004-7298
年,卷(期):2024.32(8)