New Interpretation of Latin American Modernization with a Focus on Power Structure
So far,modernization in Latin America has not been successful.Previous studies have attributed its failure to factors such as external exploitation,populism,and military intervention.This article applied a new analytical framework,the Power Equality Development Theory,to reinterpret Latin American modernization.Over the past 200 years since independence,power in Latin America has been concentrated in the hands of economic elites and political conservatives,which has resulted in land concentration,leading Latin America onto a path of exclusive development.Due to the fact that the majority of the population has always been excluded from the modernization process,Latin America's primary product export-oriented model,inward import substitution industrialization strategy,and neoliberal model have successively failed,unable to generate endogenous driving forces for economic growth and achieve structural upgrading.Economic modernization has been hindered.The upper class groups in Latin American countries have long controlled political power,suppressing left-wing and radical populist forces through legislation,political patronage,violence,etc.,and perpetuating unequal economic and social structures,resulting in a"dual-face government"phenomenon and political turbulence.Political modernization is also hindered.The setbacks in Latin American modernization can provide important insights for other developing countries.
Latin American ModernizationPower StructureNeo-LiberalismModernization Trap
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