Under the background of'Digital China'strategy,online learning has become an important part of modern higher education.Based on the data of 554 valid questionnaires,this paper uses the structural equation model(SEM)to analyze the impact of four dimensions of cognitive input,behavioral input,emotional input and social interaction input on online learning performance.The research shows that social interaction input has a significant positive impact on learning performance,and emotional input indirectly affects learning performance by improving cognitive input and behavioral input.Furthermore,it is proposed that cognitive processing and positive learning behavior are the key to improving the effect of online learning,emphasizing the importance of social interaction input and cognitive input to improve learning performance.This paper reveals the key role of online learning engagement in improving learning performance,and provides an empirical basis for optimizing online education strategies.