Modern cement tiles originated in 19th-century Europe and were once popular in France,Britain,Germany and other countries.Cement tiles were introduced to China towards the end of the 19th century,coinciding with the expansion of European colonization and cultural influences.In the early 20th century,with the development of the national cement industry,cement tiles began to be widely used in public buildings and residences in Chinese Treaty Ports.The Lilong buildings in Zhangyuan,Shanghai,constructed between the 1920s and 1930s,serve as a valuable case study for researching cement tiles from the Republican era.Through on-site investigation and documentation,this article comprehensively categorizes the patterns of cement tiles in Zhangyuan from the perspectives of decorative patterns and artistic styles.It traces the origins of these patterns to cultural themes and speculates on their transformation during the process of localization.The article concludes by summarizing the significance of cement tiles as evidence of cultural exchange between the East and the West.
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