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城市街道交叉口机动车排放颗粒物扩散分析

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为研究城市某平面十字交叉口处机动车排放不同粒径范围的颗粒物扩散特性,分析交叉口早高峰时间段内,气象因素(风速、温度和风向)与交通因素(车型、车流量)对交叉口处颗粒物浓度扩散的影响.将车辆在交叉口的行驶排放作为污染线源处理,计算车辆排放源强,建立了交叉口仿真模型,运用CFD软件分析周边有建筑物环境下交叉口颗粒物分布特征,分析温度、风速、风向及车流量对颗粒物扩散的影响.进行交叉口监测点处早高峰与非早高峰时段的颗粒物浓度实地监测,对比分析不同时段的颗粒物浓度特征.采用皮尔逊相关系数法进行综合影响分析,验证模拟结果.结果表明:数值模拟与实际道路监测浓度分布趋势有较好符合,建筑物布局使污染物浓度局部呈现较大差异性,气温、风速与颗粒物浓度成负相关;风向不同,颗粒物浓度差异显著,颗粒物浓度在―5～15℃温度区间内变化较明显;不同车型流量对颗粒物浓度的影响度不同:大型车流量>中型车流量>小型车流量;合理规划交叉口处的建筑物布局,间接对气象环境与颗粒物浓度分布的相关性产生影响,从而对颗粒物的扩散与降低交叉口局部环境高浓度产生积极作用;控制交叉口的交通流特性,可以改善机动车排放及其对行人的危害程度.
An Analysis on Diffusion of Vehicle Emission Particulate Matter at Urban Street Intersection
In order to study the diffusion characteristics of particulate matter in different particle sizes of vehicle emissions at urban intersections,the effects of meteorological factors(wind speed,temperature and wind direction)and traffic factors(vehicle type and traffic flow)on the diffusion of particulate matter concentration at the intersection during the early peak period are analyzed.The vehicle emission at the intersection is treated as a pollution line source,the source strength is calculated,the intersection simulation model is established,and the CFD software is used to analyze the particle distribution characteristics of the intersection under the building environment.The influence of temperature,wind speed,wind direction and traffic flow on the diffusion of particulate matter is analyzed.At the same time,the monitoring of the pollutant concentration at the intersection in the morning peak and non morning peak hours is carried out,and the characteristics of particle concentration in different periods are compared and analyzed.The Pearson correlation coefficient method is used for comprehensive impact analysis,and the simulation results are verified.The result shows that(1)the trend of numerical simulation concentration distribution is in good agreement with that of actual road monitoring concentration distribution,the layout of buildings makes the concentration of pollutants locally different,and the temperature and wind speed are negatively correlated with the particulate matter concentration;(2)different wind directions result in significant differences in particle concentration,and the variations of particle concentration are significant within the temperature range of―5℃to 15℃;(3)the impact of different vehicle models flow on particulate matter concentration varies:oversize vehicle flow>midsize vehicle flow>small vehicle flow;(4)reasonably planning the layout of buildings at intersections can interfere with the correlation indirectly between meteorological environment and particle concentration distribution,thereby having a positive impact on the diffusion of particles and reducing the high concentration of local environment at intersections;(5)controlling the traffic flow characteristics at intersections can reduce vehicle emissions and their harm to pedestrians.

environmental engineeringparticulate matter diffusionPearson correlation coefficient methodstreet intersectionCFD modeling

王占宇、刘林涛、周士兵、郭晓光、张本宏

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东北林业大学 机电工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040

中国重汽集团济南特种车有限公司,山东 济南 250117

中国重汽集团济南卡车股份有限公司,山东 济南 250022

中国重汽集团国际有限公司,山东 济南 250102

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环境工程 颗粒物扩散 皮尔逊相关系数法 街道交叉口 CFD建模

黑龙江省自然科学基金中央高校基本科研业务费专项黑龙江省交通投资集团有限公司科研项目

E2013502572014CB17JT-100000-ZC-FW-2021-0118

2024

10.3969/j.issn.1002-0268.2024.05.021

公路交通科技
交通运输部公路科学研究院

公路交通科技

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.007
ISSN：1002-0268
年,卷(期)：2024.41(5)
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