Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from distiller's grain and their application in ionic dye adsorption
To broaden the high-value utilization of distiller's grain,the application potential of cellulose nano-crystals(CNCs)prepared from distiller's grain in the field of wastewater treatment was explored.Firstly,cellu-lose from the distiller's grain was extracted by washing,bleaching,and alkali treatment,and then the extracted cellulose was hydrolyzed by 50％(v/v)sulfuric acid at 1∶20 solid-liquid ratio to prepare the distiller's grain CNCs.Their chemical composition was determined and their chemical structure was characterized.Finally,the adsorption capacity of distiller's grain CNCs to methylene blue and congo red solution was studied.Results found that the purity of cellulose in the prepared CNCs from the distiller's grain was more than 90％,and the particle size distribution was concentrated in 180-300 nm.The zeta-potential value of the prepared CNCs was measured as-30.1 mV.Furthermore,the equilibrium adsorption rates of the distiller's grain CNCs on the con-go red and methylene blue dyes reached 75.5％and 90.57％,respectively,which exhibited different adsorption mechanisms,corresponding to the first-order and the second-order kinetic models,respectively,showing prom-ising adsorption properties of distiller's grain CNCs on ionic dyes,and providing a low-cost and efficient way for the sustainable application of distiller's grain CNCs in the field of industrial wastewater treatment.
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