摘要
由环境温度变化引起的材料尺寸的伸缩是精密仪器、光学元件、航空航天设备等结构件面临的共同问题.因瓦合金因在居里温度230 ℃以下具有小于2.0×10-6/℃的低热膨胀系数,而具有极高的尺寸稳定性,这种独特性质使得因瓦合金在高精度高稳定尺寸变化领域具备绝佳的优势地位.然而,结合实际工况条件和具体应用环境,迫使因瓦合金在具有低膨胀特性的条件下,还寄予它其他的功能,比如高强性、磁性、阻尼性等,以满足不同领域对材料性能的多样化需求.为推动因瓦合金的深入研究,对因瓦合金组织性能的研究进展进行了综合评价,着重从沉淀强化、形变强化、磁性、阻尼、电沉积、增材制造6个方面对因瓦合金组织性能的强化途径进行了概述,并对其发展方向提出了一些看法,希望对今后关于因瓦合金性能优化工作的开展提供一定的参考价值.
Abstract
The expansion and contraction of material caused by the change of ambient temperature is a common problem for precision instruments,optical components,aerospace equipment,etc.Due to the low coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 2.0 ppm/℃ at Curie temperature of 230 ℃ or below,Invar alloys have extremely high dimensional stability,and this unique property makes Invar alloys have an excellent advantage in the field of high-precision and high-stability dimensional change.However,combined with the actual working conditions and specific application environments,Invar alloys need to have other functions,such as high strength,magnet-ism,damping,etc.,under the condition of low expansion characteristics,in order to meet the diversified needs for material properties in different fields.In order to promote the in-depth study of Invar alloys,this paper pro-vides a comprehensive evaluation of the research progress of Invalid alloys,focusing on the six aspects of the strengthening pathways of Invar alloys,namely,precipitation strengthening,deformation strengthening,mag-netism,damping,electrodeposition,and additive manufacturing,and puts forward some opinions on the direc-tion of its development in the hope of providing a certain reference value for the future optimization of Invar al-loy properties.
维普
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