Extraction and separation of compounds with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from the peel of Caragana opulens were conducted.The chemical compositions of compounds were identified by chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by physciochemical and modern spectroscopy.Then,the AChE inhibitory activity and inhibitory rate was tested by using TLC bioautographic method and modified Ellman's colorimetric method,respectively.Seven compounds were separated and identified as (1) 1,4-di(benzoxazol-2-yl) naphthalene,(2) pinellic acid,(3) p-hydroxy-acetophenone,(4) vanillic acid,(5) p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamic acid,(6) trans-cinnamic acid,(7) 3-hydroxy benzoic acid.Compound #3 can form a white spot on the thin-layer board andits AChE inhibitory ICs0 value is measured as 1.4 mmol/L,showing that the compound # 3 has acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.