Effects of different rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of ‘Italian Riesling’ in Hexi Corridor
[Objective] The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks on the growth,biomass,yield and fruit quality of Italian Riesling grape.Proper rootstocks may enhance the adaptability and resistance of grape cultivars.It may also improve their growth,berry masses and quality.However,the effects of rootstocks on grapes varied with scion varieties,site conditions and cultivation measures.This study was conducted to find the most suitable rootstocks for growth and development of ‘Italian Riesling’ grape in Gansu Hexi Corridor.[Methods] ‘Italian Riesling’ grape was grafted onto 12 different rootstocks,including ‘ 101-14’ ‘520a’ ‘3309C’ ‘SO4’ ‘420’ ‘ 1103P’ ‘St George’ ‘ 110R’ ‘Flourilush’ ‘Beta’ ‘5C’ and ‘5BB’,self-root seedlings were used as the control.The effects of root-stocks on branch growth,average cluster masses,berry masses,soluble solids,titratable acids,reducing sugars,phenols and tannins were evaluated.The experiment was carried out in the experimental station of the Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gaotai,where it has an annual rainfall of 103 ram,an annual evaporation of 2 000 mm,and deep and loose sandy loam soils.The seedlings of the twelve rootstocks and the self-rooted Italian Riesling seedlings were planted in Spring,2011.The grafting was made on green shoots in May to June,2012.Shoot lengths,shoot diameters,average cluster mass,average berry mass and yield were collected,and the contents of soluble solids,reducing sugars,titratable acids,phenols and tannins in the peel were measured.[Results] The results showed that Italian Riesling grafted on ‘ 101-14’ ‘3309C’ ‘SO4’ ‘St George’ ‘ 110R’ and ‘5BB’ rootstocks had obviously higher lengths of the forth intemode.‘5C’ ‘520a’ ‘ 110R’ and ‘Beta’ significantly decreased the pith diameter of the forth interuode,sign of increased shoot maturity,by 20.72％,20.17％,19.06％ and 11.88％,respectively.‘Flourilush’ and ‘Beta’ significantly increased the cluster masses and yield of Italian Riesling grape compared to the control.‘ Flourilush’ obtained the highest yield,which was 10.47％ higher than the control.‘ 1 IOR’ produced the highest cluster mass,however,there was no significant difference in berry yield.Meanwhile,the cluster masses,berry masses and yield in plants on ‘520a’ ‘420’ and ‘5C’ were significantly lower than in the self-root seedlings.Different rootstocks had different effects on reducing sugar content.‘ SO4’ ‘ 420’ and ‘ 5BB’ had 15.78％,11.66％ and 10.61％ higher reducing sugars than the control,respectively.However,‘Flourilush’ was 10.04％ lower than the control.‘5BB’ ‘420’ ‘ 1103P’ ‘520a’ ‘St Georges’ and ‘3309C’ significantly increased sugar to acid ratio in the fruit by a range of 7.97％ to 42.15％ compared with the control.‘5BB’ significantly reduced the acid content in fruit,and the total acid content of ‘ 5C’ was much higher than that of the control.The rootstocks had little effect on fruit pH.Most of these rootstocks could improve tannin content in fruit,and ‘ 101-14’ ‘420’ ‘ 110R’ ‘Beta’ and ‘5C’ rootstocks were most effective.‘420’ ‘3309C’ ‘ 101-14’ and ‘Flourilush’ increased the soluble solids in ice-wine raw materials during harvest period (from Oct.2 to Oct.26).The soluble solid in ‘101-14’ rootstocks increased from 29.63％ to 40.30％.In seedlings grafted on ‘ 110R’ rootstock,soluble solid increase was very slow,from 24.77％ to 28.27％,which was significantly lower than that of the control.[Conclusion] ‘3309C’ ‘110R’ ‘SO4’ ‘101-14’ ‘5BB’ and ‘St Georges’ contributed to increased growth of branches,however,they had no effect on shoot thickening.‘5C’ ‘520a’ ‘110R’ and ‘Beta’ promoted shoot maturation.‘Flourilush’ and ‘Beta’ significantly improved the cluster masses and yield.‘SO4’ ‘420’ and ‘5BB’ increased reducing sugar content in fruit,while ‘Flourilush’ reduced it.‘420’ ‘5BB’ ‘l103P’ 520a’ ‘St Georges’ and ‘3309C’ rootstocks increased reducing sugar content and sugar to acid ratio.‘ 5BB’ significantly decreased the acid content and improved fruit quality.‘101-14’ ‘420’ ‘110R’ and ‘Beta’ obtained the best result in increasing total phenols and tannins in fruits.According to the above results,depend on the production purpose,the suitable rootstock can be selected to improve the wine quality of Italian Riesling grape in Hexi Corridor area.
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