摘要
京绯红(Prunus armeniaca L.)杏由晚熟品种串枝红和极早熟品种骆驼黄通过人工杂交育成.果实圆形,果顶凹,缝合线深度中等,两侧果肉较对称;平均单果质量74.5 g,最大单果质量92.6 g.果皮底色橙黄,着中等面积片状红色;果肉橙黄色,汁液、纤维含量中等,果实硬度中等偏硬,味酸甜,略有香气;半离核,苦仁.果肉可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)13.5％,果糖含量0.804％、葡萄糖含量1.50％、蔗糖含量6.14％、苹果酸含量0.795％、柠檬酸含量0.756％.在北京地区,4月上中旬盛花期,花期5～7d.4月中下旬展叶,11月中下旬落叶,年生育期约210 d.成熟期介于双亲之间,北京地区6月下旬至7月上旬成熟,果实发育期约90 d,大约比串枝红提前1周、晚于骆驼黄3周,可持续采摘2周左右.果实较硬、耐贮运、供应期长.丰产稳产,适应性强,综合性状优良.适宜在北京地区及具有相似气候的地区种植.
Abstract
Jingfeihong(Prunus armeniaca L.)was bred from the cross between Chuanzhihong(late-rip-ening cultivar)and Luotuohuang(very-early-ripening cultivar)by hybridization.In 2011,about 200 hy-brid seeds were obtained through artificial pollination.In 2016,the fruit traits of hybrid fruiting trees were identified.The fruit of Jingfeihong is large with gorgeous appearance.It ripens late and has good fertility.The primary selection code of the single superior tree is H3-41.In 2017,38 plants were top-grafted and propagated in the breeding nursery of apricot in Tongzhou District of Beijing.From 2018 to 2021,the evaluation of hybrid H3-41 was conducted and the main economic characteristics were good and stable.The fruit maturity stage is between its parents.The fruit flesh is hard and performs better in storage and transportation.This cultivar has long supply period and high yield without obvious disease infection.Four pairs of primers selected by SSR molecular marker technology were used to construct the fingerprints of H3-41.The allelic variation of H3-41 at SSR locus 1 and 3 are heterozygous(189 bp and 221 bp,172 bp and 179 bp,respectively),and the other two locus 2 and 4 are homozygous(155 bp and 131 bp,respectively),which form its characteristic fingerprint.In April 2023,this cultivar obtained the plant variety rights from the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,formally named Jing-feihong and numbered 20230124.The fruit shape of Jingfeihong is round and symmetry with concave apex and medium seam depth.The average single fruit weight is 74.5 g and the maximum is 92.6 g.The average vertical,horizontal and lateral diameters of Jingfeihong fruit are 5.08 cm,5.12 cm and 5.16 cm,respectively.The fruit peel is orange in colour and has gorgeous appearance with some flush on the sur-face.The flesh is orange and hard with medium juice and fiber content.The fruit tastes good with appro-priate ratio of sweet to sour flavor and has slight aroma.The fruit has 13.5％soluble solids,0.804％fructose,1.50％glucose,6.14％sucrose,0.795％malic acid,and 0.756％citric acid contents.Its kernel is half-freestone and bitter.In Tongzhou District of Beijing,the flower bud break starts in mid-March,full blossom happens in early and mid-April and the flowering period lasts approximately 5-7 days.The leaf bud expands in mid to late April and leaves completely fall in mid to late November.The vege-tative growth period lasts about 210 days.Jingfeihong fruit ripens in late June to early July and the rip-ening stage is between its parents,about 1 week earlier than Chuanzhihong(early and middle of July),and 3 weeks later than Luotuohuang(late May to early June).The fruit can continue to be harvested about 2 weeks and the supply period is long.Self-pollination does not produce seeds for Jingfeihong,so pollination trees or artificial pollination are required.The ratio of main cultivars to pollination cultivars is(7-9)∶1.Jingfeihong are planted in Beijing for many years,and no serious cold damage for flower buds and branches has happened.The tree and flower buds have strong resistance to freezing damage in winter and early spring.In other aspects of resistance,no special sensitive diseases and pests have been found,and the yield is high and stable,with strong adaptability and excellent comprehensive character-istics.The fruit flesh is hard and easy to store and transport with long fruit supply period.It would be suitable for cultivation in areas with similar climate to Beijing.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(32102340)
北京市自然科学基金(6232011)
北京市农林科学院创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230416)
维普
万方数据