摘要
[目的]研究4个葡萄品种改接的阳光玫瑰光合特性及果实品质的差异,以期筛选出适宜新疆石河子地区改接阳光玫瑰的老品种葡萄.[方法]以维多利亚、巨峰、无核紫、克瑞森无核作砧木改接的阳光玫瑰为试验材料,测定并分析4个砧穗组合的光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量、果实品质等生理指标的差异,采用相关性分析、主成分分析法对各砧穗组合进行综合评价.[结果]研究表明,以克瑞森无核作砧木改接阳光玫瑰后,单穗质量达919.19 g,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)达21.63％,固酸比达62.08,果实品质较优;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量以及光合特性指标、PSⅡ的最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)较高,光合能力较强.以无核紫作砧木改接的阳光玫瑰初始荧光(F0)、最大荧光产量(Fm)较高,光能利用效率较弱,但PSⅡ反应中心电子传递能力较强.主成分分析表明,由克瑞森无核改接的阳光玫瑰综合得分最高.[结论]以克瑞森无核作砧木改接的阳光玫瑰光合作用较强,果实品质更优,综合表现较好,克瑞森无核是4个葡萄品种中改接阳光玫瑰的最适品种.
Abstract
[Objective]Xinjiang is an important grape producing region in China,with unique natural conditions and huge industrial scale.In recent years,Shine Muscat has attracted the attention of many fruit farmers because of its rich rose fragrance,high sugar content,low acid and other characteristics,and is regarded as the first choice for vineyard upgrading.The rapid renewal of varieties can be realized through the top-grafting method.In this study,the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of Shine Muscat grafted on Victoria,Kyoho,Black Monukka,and Crimson seedless were studied in order to screen out old varieties suitable for grafting with Shine Muscat in Shihezi region of Xinjiang.[Meth-ods]In May 2021,four nine-year-old grape varieties(Victoria,Kyoho,Black Monukka,and Crimson Seedless)were grafted using the greenwood grafting method and were designated as SM/VI,SM/KY,SM/BM,and SM/CR,respectively.Fruit appearance quality including transverse and longitudinal diam-eter,berry mass,single cluster mass,fruit color were assessed at the fructescence on September 5th,2023.Intrinsic qualities including soluble solid content,titrable acid content,vitamin C content,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content were also measured.In late August 2023,the photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),in-tercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),chlorophyll content,and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured.For data analysis,single-factor analysis of variance was performed on the obtained experimental data.Correlation analysis was used to explore the relevance between indicators,and principal component analysis was used for comprehensive evaluation of the 4 stock-scion combinations.[Results]The re-sults showed that the fruit quality of Shine Muscat was affected by the four rootstocks.Shine Muscat on Crimson Seedless had lower titratable acid and soluble protein contents and exhibited higher levels of soluble solids,soluble sugars,vitamin C,and solid to acid ratio.It had a single cluster mass of 919.19 g,with soluble solids reaching 21.63％and a solid to acid ratio of 62.08.The contents of chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b)and total chlorophyll(Chl a+b),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal con-ductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),water use efficiency(WUE),and the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm)were highest in plants of SM/CR.The initial fluorescence(F0)and the maximum fluorescence yield(Fm)were highest in SM/BM.The correla-tion analysis showed that the berry mass had a highly significant positive correlation with indicators af-fecting photosynthetic rate.Total chlorophyll content had a significant positive correlation with photo-synthetic characteristics and soluble proteins,and a highly significant positive correlation with chloro-phyll b,soluble sugars,and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration.The initial fluorescence had a significant negative correlation with berry mass,L*,solid to acid ratio,net photosynthetic rate,intercel-lular carbon dioxide concentration,and the maximum light energy conversion efficiency of PS Ⅱ,and a highly significant negative correlation with single cluster mass and vitamin C content.The maximum light energy conversion efficiency of PSⅡ had a highly significant positive correlation with solid to acid ratio,L*,a*,and h° values.The composite score was calculated based on the principal component com-prehensive model,and according to the composite score,the performance of the four stock-scion combi-nations were in the order of SM/CR＞SM/KY＞SM/VI＞SM/BM.[Conclusion]The results show that compared with Shine Muscat on the other three grape varieties,Shine Muscat grafted on Crimson seed-less had higher contents of soluble sugars,soluble solids and sugar to acid ratio,with higher chlorophyll contents,stronger photosynthesis,and superior fruit quality.Overall,Crimson seedless is the most suit-able rootstock among the four grape varieties for Shine Muscat.
维普
万方数据