[目的]基于寒红梨生产中因花果管理不到位而导致果实着色差、内在品质降低等问题,开展疏果对寒红梨果实生长发育及品质影响的研究,旨在为梨产业提质增效技术研发提供数据支撑.[方法]以20年生寒红梨为试材,花后7 d采用花序留单果、双果和三果进行疏果处理.通过开展果实生长发育动态观察及果实品质指标测定,综合分析疏果对果实生长发育及品质的影响.[结果]不同疏果处理对寒红梨果实大小的影响从果实迅速膨大期开始,内、外层果肉细胞排列疏松,细胞体积大,细胞层数多;不同疏果处理对果实内在品质改善影响显著,果实硬度普遍降低,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及还原糖含量升高,可滴定酸含量降低.具体表现为G3处理(每花序留3个果实)果实硬度和可溶性糖含量(w,后同)最高,分别为2.54 kg cm2、9.29％,G1处理(每花序留1个果实)可溶性固形物含量最高,为14.68％,G2处理(每花序留2个果实)可滴定酸和还原糖含量最高,分别为4.17％、7.01％;疏果后花序产量、单株产量与花序留果数呈正相关,单果质量与花序留果数呈负相关.[结论]疏果可提高寒红梨相应花序保留果实的综合品质,尤其单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、硬度等指标,总体表现为花序留果越少提升效果越好;寒红梨为中大型果,花后7 d疏果,以每花序留1个果实为宜.
Effects of fruit thinning on fruit growth and quality in Hanhong pear
[Objective]Pear is a kind of fruit crop with many flowers in clusters.Each cluster generally contains more than 5 flowers,and the fruit setting rate is high.If the flower and fruit thinnings are not taken properly in production to bring with overloading,this often causes large differences in fruit size,poor coloring and poor quality,resulting in reduced economic benefits.For the excellent varieties,their own quality may be excellent,but in the large-scale commercial production,if there is no scientific tech-nical guidance for flower and fruit thinning,the high load per plant often results in lower high-quality-fruit rate,poor fruit market competitiveness,and low economic benefit,so as to seriously affect the pear farmers'growing enthusiasm.In order to ensure the sustainable development of the industry,the re-search and application of fruit thinning technology play an important role in achieving stable and high yield,high quality and high efficiency in the pear industry.As different pear cultivars have various amount of flowers and differential fruit setting rates,it is urgent to determine the appropriate amount of fruit retention in Hanhong pear.[Methods]Thinning treatments were carried out at 7th day after flower-ing,with no fruit thinning serving as the control.The internal and external qualities of fruits with each fruit thinning treatment were determined,and the effects of each treatment on the external and internal fruit quality were analyzed.[Results]According to the results of fruit growth and quality,different flowers in a cluster had a certain effect on the yield and single fruit weight.With the decrease of the or-dinal position in a cluster,the single fruit weight of Hanhong pear showed an upward trend,while the yield showed a downward trend.It showed that fruit thinning could significantly reduce the yield of the corresponding cluster,but it significantly increased the single fruit weight and produced larger fruits.Compared with the control,the ordinal position fruits of G1 and G2 showed larger fruit(vertical and horizontal diameter increased),heavier single fruit weight,and better appearance quality.The fruit reten-tion of G3 treatment was more,but the fruit quality was relatively poor,the fruit was small,and the fla-vor was poor.However,the excessive number of fruits increased the yield but decreased the single fruit weight,which affected the fruit quality.The contents of reducing sugar,soluble sugar,soluble solids and vitamin C in Hanhongli were higher than those of the control,among which G1 and G2 treatments were higher,and the titratable acid content showed no decrease.The fruit hardness of each treatment was significantly lower than that of the same group,while that of G3 treatment was higher than that of the control.Hardness is an important quality index of fruit.Relatively,the hardness of pear fruit of the same variety with crisp flesh type is better than that with low flesh and crisp taste,indicating that reduc-ing the number of fruit left in a cluster is more beneficial to the growth and quality of fruit in the corre-sponding cluster.[Conclusion]Appropriate fruit load can improve fruit quality,maintain high excellent fruit rate and a certain yield.Hanhong pear is a new cold-resistant pear variety with the blood of Pyrus ussuriensis varieties.It is a large fruit type with a single fruit weight of more than 200 g.Fruit thinning is beneficial to improve the comprehensive quality of the corresponding cluster retained fruit,especially for the single fruit weight,soluble solids and hardness.The overall performance is that,the less fruit re-tained in a cluster,the better the quality improvement effect.Based on the comprehensive analysis of this study,it is suggested that the fruit thinning of Hanhong pear should be carried out 7 days after flow-ering,1-2 young fruits with good development can be selected for retention,and the best way is to re-tain single fruit in a cluster.The fruit development of different pear varieties is affected by many fac-tors.The reasonable fruit thinning scheme for the production of high-quality pear varieties can be used as a reference.The specific fruit thinning scheme should be determined according to the actual situation of a pear orchard.
Hanhong pearFruit thinningGrowth and developmentFruit quality
万方数据
维普
