摘要
高寒高海拔地区生态环境脆弱且自然环境恶劣,工程扰动后生态修复十分困难,因此研究高寒工程扰动区生态修复具有重大现实意义.依托雅砻江中游河段某水电开发建设项目,通过对研究区植被进行典型抽样调查,结合工程扰动特点和不同区域立地条件,对不同海拔梯度工程扰动区提出生态修复措施和植物配置模式.结果表明:(1)海拔2 700 m以下,优势物种为金合欢、余甘子、牡荆、油橄榄、扁核木、悬钩子、蔷薇、火棘、蓼、黄茅、戟叶酸模、苜蓿、茅叶荩草等植物;海拔在2 700～3 500 m之间,优势物种为云南松、白桦、丽江云杉、川滇高山栎、杜鹃、四川莎草、旱茅、茅叶荩草、长叶火绒草等植物;海拔在3 500～4 500 m之间,优势物种为长苞冷杉、杜鹃、冷箭竹、西南委陵菜、异针茅等植物;海拔在4 500 m以上,优势物种为风毛菊、红景天、侧茎垂头菊、矮金莲花等植物.(2)根据工程扰动特点,主体工程区土质和土石边坡立地类型应以灌草植物配置为主,岩质边坡困难立地类型应以草本和藤本植物配置为主;弃渣场、取土场立地类型应以灌草植物配置为主;施工道路等立地类型应以乔灌草植物配置为主.
Abstract
The ecological environment in alpine and high-altitude areas is fragile and the natural environ-ment is bad.It is very difficult to restore the ecosystem after the project disturbance.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to study the ecological restoration in the alpine and high-altitude project disturb-ance areas.Relying on a hydropower development and construction project in the middle reaches of the Ya-long River,this study proposes ecological restoration measures and plant allocation models for the project disturbance areas with different elevation gradients through a typical sampling survey of the vegetation in the study area,combined with the characteristics of the project disturbance and the site conditions of differ-ent regions.The results showed that:(1)Below 2 700 m altitude,the dominant species were acacia,phyl-lanthus emblica,vitex negundo,olive,platycodon,raspberry,rose,pyracantha fortunei,polygonum polygo-natum,yellow fescue,acid mold of euphorbia leaf,alfalfa,artemisia scabra and other plants;(2)With an al-titude of 2 700～3 500 m,the dominant species are Pinus yunnanensis,Betula platyphylla,Picea lijiang,Quercus sichuanensis,Rhododendron,Cyperus sichuanensis,Sargassum arundinaceum,Arthritis japonica,Edelweiss longifolia and other plants;(3)With an altitude of 3 500～4 500 m,the dominant species are Abies longibracteata,Rhododendron,Fargesia frigida,Potentilla southwest,Stipa heterophylla and other plants;(4)At an altitude of more than 4 500 m,it is dominated by herbaceous plants,and the dominant species are Chrysanthemum morifolium,Rhodiola sachalinensis,Chrysanthemum capitatum,and Trollius pumila.According to the characteristics of engineering disturbance,the site type of soil and earth-rock slope in the main project area should be dominated by shrubs and grasses,and the difficult site type of rock slope should be dominated by herbs and vines.The site type of waste dump and borrow area shall be dominated by shrub and grass plants.Construction roads and other site types should be dominated by arbors,shrubs and plants.
基金项目
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020Y0179)
维普
万方数据