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刚体平面运动中坐标轴正方向的选取

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平面运动作为刚体的一种重要运动类型,成为物理学专业力学和理论力学课程中的重点教学内容.平面运动因为同时涉及平动和定轴转动且二者之间常常存在一定的约束关系,所以也是一个教学难点,主要问题在于初学者往往因为随意规定坐标轴正方向而遗漏约束关系中可能出现的负号.根据受力分析,在假定了刚体平面运动趋势后,适当选取坐标轴的正方向可以避开约束方程中的负号,从而使学生分析刚体运动问题更加快速准确.
Choice of positive direction of coordinate axis in the plane-parallel motion of rigid body
Plane-parallel motion,as an important type of rigid body motion,is an important teaching content in the course of physics mechanics and theoretical mechanics.Because plane-parallel motion involves both translational and fixed axis rotation,between which there is often a certain constraint relationship,it is also a difficult teaching point.The main difficulty is that beginners often miss the possible negative sign in the constraint relationship because they specify the positive direction of coordinate axis arbitrarily.According to the force analysis,after assuming the trend of the plane-parallel motion of the rigid body,selecting the positive direction of the coordinate axis appropriately can avoid the negative sign in the constraint equation,so that students can analyze the rigid body motion problem more quickly and accurately.

rigid bodyplane-parallel motionpositive direction of coordinate axisconstraint equation

董宝平、鲁军旺、付婷、杨芳平、焦云

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黔南民族师范学院 物理与电子科学学院,贵州 都匀 558000

刚体 平面运动 坐标轴正方向 约束方程

黔南民族师范学院教改课题黔南民族师范学院教改课题

2021xjg0282016xbkjx0808

2024

高师理科学刊
齐齐哈尔大学

高师理科学刊

影响因子:0.351
ISSN:1007-9831
年,卷(期):2024.44(2)
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