摘要
汉麻(Cannabis sativa L.)是一种历史悠久的药用植物和经济作物,其应用涉及医药、食品、化妆品等多个领域.大麻素是汉麻的主要活性成分,根据结构特点可分为 11 种类型,主要包括Δ9-四氢大麻酚(Δ9-THC)、大麻二酚(CBD)、大麻环萜酚(CBC)、大麻萜酚(CBG)等.大麻素合成途径主要由 3 个步骤构成:聚酮合成、MEP途径和氧化环化,这些过程受到诸多酶的调控,如THCA合成酶(THCAS)、CBDA合成酶(CBDAS)、CBCA合成酶(CBCAS)、CBGA合成酶(CBGAS)、橄榄酸环化酶(OAC)、橄榄醇合酶(OLS)、酰基活化酶(AAE)等.就汉麻中几种主要的大麻素类成分、功能、生物合成途径、编码生物合成途径各关键酶基因方面的研究进展进行综述,以期对加快我国大麻素的相关研究及培育新的汉麻品种提供参考.
Abstract
Cannabis sativa is a medicinal plant and cash crop with a long history,which is used in many fields such as medicine,food and cosmetics.Cannabinoids are the main active components of Cannabis sativa.According to the structural characteristics,cannabinoids can be divided into 11 types,including tetrahydrocannabinol(Δ9-THC),cannabinol(CBD),cannabis chromene(CBC),cannabinol terpenol(CBG)and so on.The synthetic pathway of cannabinoids consists of three steps:polyketone synthesis,MEP pathway and oxidative cyclization,which are regulated by many enzymes and related enzyme genes,such as THCA synthase(THCAS),CBDA synthase(CBDAS),CBCA synthase(CBCAS),CBGA synthase(CBGAS),Olivetolic acid cyclase(OAC),olive alcohol synthase(OLS),acyl activating enzyme(AAE)and so on.The research progress of the several major cannabinoid components,functions,biosynthetic pathways and key enzyme genes encoding biosynthetic pathways in Cannabis sativa were reviewed,in order to provide reference for speeding up the related research of cannabinoids in our country and cultivating new varieties of Cannabis sativa.
基金项目
黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费汉麻专项(145209516)
高教强省科研专项(GJQSCYH-2022003)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据