The failure causes of GCr15 bearing steel rings were analyzed.The results show that the toughening composition of GCr15 bearing used in the bearing ring meets the requirements of relevant national standards.Multiple surface defects were found on the surface of the sample,which increased the cracking risk of the material during the back extrusion process,resulting in cracking failure during the back extrusion process.According to the macroscopic morphology,metallo-graphic analysis and electron microscope analysis of the defects,the failure of the sample is caused by the surface folding defect of round steel,and the surface defect of the material matrix is the main reason for the failure of the material.