By reviewing the relevant research on chronic kidney disease and cognitive dysfunction at home and abroad in the recent years,the paper illustrates the possible mechanism of chronic kidney disease and cognitive dysfunction in Western medicine and the cause and pathogenesis in TCM.TCM believes that chronic kidney disease with cognitive dysfunction is closely related to kidney and brain,herbal compounds based on the theory of"kidney and brain related",and the combination of needles and herbs could obviously improve cognitive function in patients with chronic kidney disease,which could provide theoretical support for therapeutic strategies for integrative medicine therapy of cognitive dysfunction related to chronic kidney disease.