Review of decarbonization pathways and progress for main iron ore mining companies
In 2022,China imported 866 Mt of iron ore from Rio Tinto,Vale,BHP and FMG,accounting for 78%of its total iron ore imports.As the most important raw material supplier,the big four mining companies actively par-ticipating in the decarbonization process in steel industry.The big four iron ore mining companies had issued their decarbonization targets,pathways and the corresponding finance budget.It's a kind of actions to extend responsibil-ity as a raw material supplier to respond the climate change and policy for the global market.Mining companies are focusing on developing high-quality iron ores and purifying low-grade iron ores through beneficiation to provide high-grade materials for steel mills to reduce carbon emissions in ironmaking process.In addition,Vale plans to produce"green briquette"through cold pressing+drying process to partially replace traditional sinter or pellets as blast fur-nace burden,so as to reduce carbon emissions in agglomeration process.On the other hand,with the development of China steel industry towards EAF process,mining companies actively layout the transformation by using hydro-gen or biomass energy in combination with direct reduction technology to provide green pig iron for steel mills.Rep-resentative technologies including HYFOR green ironmaking process,Tenored process,direct reduction+electric smelting furnace process,etc.Besides,some companies also seek for the change from a pure mining company to green energy supplier with the breakthrough in green electricity,green H2 and green ammonia projects.The decar-bonization strategies and results of big four mining companies will have a profound impact on China steel industry.
iron oremining companyde-carbonizationtrendhigh grade iron oredirect reduction
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