增材制造马氏体时效钢表面铣削参数优化与分析
Optimization and analysis of surface milling parameters of additive manufacturing maraging steel
杨泽宇 1李卫民 1张彦鹏 1宋明林 1高奇1
作者信息
- 1. 辽宁工业大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁 锦州 121001
- 折叠
摘要
马氏体时效钢因其高强度、高韧性以及良好的成形性能而著称,能够很好地满足增材制造生产的要求.然而,其制造材料的表面质量较差,制约了其快速发展.目前关于马氏体时效钢增材制造的材料表面进行后处理相关研究较少.因此,通过激光熔覆制造了不同搭接间距的熔覆层,以平整度为指标,选取搭接间距为0.7 mm的熔覆层进行了表面铣削正交试验,并对铣削后的熔覆层表面粗糙度及其形貌特征进行了分析,以降低表面粗糙度为目的进行了参数预测、试验验证与分析.结果表明,不同扫描间距熔覆层截面形貌相差较大,呈现波浪状、凸起状、平整状;熔覆层不同位置显微组织不同,主要由胞状晶和柱状树枝晶组成.经过切削后材料表面粗糙度明显下降,但刀痕明显,暴露出增材制造过程产生的未融合裂纹、孔洞等缺陷.通过正交切削试验分析得到各参数对加工表面粗糙度影响程度依次为进给速度＞切削深度＞主轴转速.通过效应曲线预测了最低表面粗糙度的参数主轴转速为11 000 r/min、进给速度为1.5 mm/min、切削深度为0.5 mm,此时粗糙度最小值为0.373 μm,比正交切削试验最低粗糙度结果降低了11.4%;切削加工后熔覆层顶端产生了加工硬化,比切削加工前硬度提高了10.5%.试验研究旨在改善增材制造材料的表面质量,为增材制造材料后处理相关研究提供参考.
Abstract
Maraging steels are well known for their high strength and toughness,as well as good molding properties,and are well suited to meet the requirements of additive manufacturing production.However,the poor surface qual-ity of the materials used in its manufacture has constrained its rapid development.And there are few existing studies related to the post-treatment of maraging steel surface additive manufacturing materials.Therefore,in this paper,cladding layers with different lap spacing were fabricated by laser cladding.and the cladding layers with a lap spacing of 0.7 mm was selected for surface milling orthogonal experiments with flatness as the index.The surface roughness of the milled cladding layer and its morphological characteristics were also analyzed,and parameter prediction,experimental validation and analysis were carried out with the aim of reducing the surface roughness.The results show that the cladding layers mainly exhibits wavy,raised and flat shape at different scanning intervals,with a large difference in morphology.The microstructure of the cladding layer mainly consists of cellular crystals and columnar dendritic crystals,and the microstructure is different at different positions.The surface roughness of the material was significantly reduced after cutting,but the knife marks were obvious,exposing the unfused cracks,holes and other defects generated by the additive manufacturing process.Through the orthogonal cutting experiments,it was analyzed that the degree of influence of each parameter on the machined surface roughness is feed rate＞depth of cut＞spindle speed.Through the effect curve predicted the lowest surface roughness parameters spindle speed of 11 000 r/min,feed rate of 1.5 mm/min,depth of cut of 0.5 mm,the minimum value of roughness at this time is 0.373 μm,com-pared with the orthogonal cutting experiments,the lowest roughness results in a reduction of 11.4%.The top of the cladding layer produced work hardening after the cutting process,which increased by 10.5%compared with that before the cutting process.The aim of this study is to improve the surface quality of additive manufacturing materi-als,and to provide reference for the research of additive manufacturing materials post-treatment.
关键词
增材制造/马氏体时效钢/正交试验/铣削加工/表面粗糙度/硬度Key words
additive manufacturing/maraging steel/orthogonal experiment/milling process/surface roughness/hardness引用本文复制引用
基金项目
辽宁省"揭榜挂帅"科技重点专项(2022JH1/10800022)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据