Progress and future perspective of low-carbon ironmaking process in the world
As a key link of the steel industry,the ironmaking industry has achieved high levels of energy utilization efficiency.However,in the face of the severe challenges posed by global climate change,achieving large-scale carbon reduction targets still relies on the development and application of a series of breakthrough new technologies.By ana-lyzing the current and future potential low-carbon or near-zero carbon ironmaking processes which include the tradi-tional and hydrogen-rich blast furnace processes,direct reduction processes,smelting reduction processes,and elec-trolysis ironmaking processes,it was found that the energy characteristics in terms of carbon,hydrogen,and electricity are different for different processes.Based on this,the latest technological advancements and carbon reduction path-ways in ironmaking in regions or countries such as China,South Korea,Japan,Europe,and the United States have been summarized and comprehensively discussed.Despite the differing approaches of various countries,the common goal is to increase the proportion of green energy sources replacing fossil fuels.The blast furnace-basic oxygen fur-nace(BF-BOF)process will continue to dominate steel production in the near to medium term.However,continu-ing to rely on carbon metallurgy presents significant challenges for CO2 emissions reduction.Utilizing hydrogen-rich carbon cycle blast furnace technology or other new technologies coupled with green electricity could significantly reduce CO2 emissions from this process.While the direct reduced iron(DRI)-electric arc furnace(EAF)process is developing rapidly,it also faces challenges related to resources,technology,and costs.Electrolysis ironmaking is also becoming a research focus in Western countries,but large-scale production remains a long way off.Currently,no single method can achieve deep emissions reductions in the steel industry at a low cost.This underscores the need for different countries and regions to determine locally appropriate carbon reduction technology pathways based on their specific resource conditions and circumstances.
low-carbon ironmakinghydrogen metallurgyhydrogen-rich blast furnaceelectrolytic ironmakinggreen energy
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