双碳目标下,流程变革、原燃料结构优化和能源效率提升是钢铁减碳的3大主要方向,在低碳突破性冶金技术尚未规模部署、缺乏充足且廉价清洁能源的当下,能源效率提升是钢铁行业当前最经济、有效的减碳措施.中国钢铁工业经过多年的技术引进、消化、吸收和再创新,能源效率水平达到世界前列,能源效率水平进一步提升难度较大.从生产流程、原料和燃料、能源效率3个角度对比了国内外钢铁行业/企业现状与差异,结合国内产业结构、工艺特征和工程实践提出钢铁余热余能资源高效回收利用,减少能源消耗、产品损耗,减少工序、工艺界面能量损失,重点用能设备及系统节能提效技术,原料、能源低碳化及二次资源循环利用,数字驱动系统能源效率提升,新材料应用7个能源效率改善方向及对应的24项技术.在此基础上从余热余能、界面热衔接、钢铁生产实践3个方面分析了钢铁企业能源效率改善空间,结果表明(以标准煤计),生产1t热轧材,主要工序余热余能资源量约为185.0 kg,最佳利用量约为129.4 kg;炼铁-炼钢界面1t铁水、炼钢-连铸区段1t钢水、连铸-热轧界面1t钢坯可利用资源量分别约为10.5、2.6、9.3 kg;以国内某百万吨长流程钢铁企业为研究对象,选择性应用能源效率改善技术可实现吨热轧材节能40.4 kg.
Energy efficiency improvement technology and potential for iron and steel industry
Under the target of carbon-peaking and carbon neutral,process change,optimization of raw materials and energy structure,and improvement of energy efficiency are the three main directions of carbon reduction for iron and steel industry.At present,low-carbon breakthrough metallurgical technology has not yet been deployed on a scale and there is a lack of sufficient and cheap clean energy,energy efficiency improvement is the most economical and effective measures for industry decarbonization.Benefiting from years of technology introduction,digestion,absorp-tion and re-innovation,energy efficiency of Chinese iron and steel sector has reached the world advanced level,which leave it limit space for further improvement of energy efficiency.The status of domestic and foreign iron and steel industries/enterprises was researched and compared from three perspectives,production process,raw materials and fuels,as well as energy efficiency.Combined engineering practice with the domestic industrial structure and pro-cess characteristic,7 directions and 24 correspondingly technologies are proposed under the vision of energy saving and carbon reduction,recovery and utilization of residual heat and energy,reduction of energy consumption and pro-duction loss,reduction of energy loss on techno-interface of production processes,energy efficiency improvement technologies for key energy-using equipment and relating systems,switching towards low-carbon-emission feed-stocks and fuels as well as recycling of secondary resources,digital driving improvement of systems energy effi-ciency,and application of new materials.Based on study above,analyzed energy efficiency improvement potential of iron and steel sector from three directions,residual heat and energy,techno-interface heat convergence,and iron and steel production practice.The results shows that(measured in standard coal equivalent),to produce 1 t of hot-rolled steel,the residual heat and energy of the main production process is about 185.0 kg/t,among them the utilization potential is about 129.4 kg/t;the available energy at each techno-interface of BF-BOF,BOF-continuous casting,continuous casting-hot rolling are about 10.5,2.6 and 9.3 kg respectively.Taking a million-ton capacity integrated steelmaking enterprise as example,by application of energy efficiency improvement technologies,it can save 40.4 kg of energy per ton of hot-rolled steel.
energy efficiencyresidual heat and energytechno-interfaceenergy-saving potentialproduction process
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