In order to provide a reference for engineering practice,it is necessary to understand the effect of particle mass flow rate in solid rocket motor(SRM)nozzles as well as the applicability of various RANS models for the simulation of two-phase flow in SRM nozzles.In this work,the effect of particle mass flow rate on the flow of SRM is investigated by 3D Large Eddy Simulation(3D LES)in the Euler-Lagrange framework,and the performance of various RANS models in 2D axisymmetric and 3D simulations,re-spectively,is evaluated by comparing with the 3D LES results.It is found that the particles in the expansion section are mainly con-centrated in the central region leading to occurrence of lower Mach number and higher temperature there,and the flow in the bound-ary layer almost absent of particles is nearly unaffected.The particle distributions obtained by various RANS models compare basical-ly the same as that by LES.For the 2D axisymmetric RANS simulation,the impulse and gas mass flow rate obtained by the RNG k-ε model are found in best agreement with the LES results.Specifically,the difference in relative impulse loss predicted by different RANS models exceeds 3%at high particle mass fractions(～30%).For the 3D RANS simulation,the Realizable k-ε model is found to have the best comprehensive performance,as the physical quantities along the central axis predicted by the Realizable k-ε model is closer to the LES results.Specifically,when the particle mass fraction is about 31.2%,this model predicts a specific impulse of er-ror 1.56%compared to the LES result.
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