Nanofluid fuel has attracted wide attention due to its good thermal conductivity,high energy density,and high com-bustion efficiency.In this study,the combustion particulate matter was characterized using a variety of techniques methods,inclu-ding transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction experiments(XRD),Raman spectrum(Raman),and X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The soot formation characteristics,morphology,and graphitization degree of 2.5%aluminum/etha-nol nanofluid under different wall stagnation heights and collection times were studied by using an ethylene diffusion flame as sup-port flame,and the mechanism of metal nanoparticles and soot was analyzed.The results indicate that,under the same stagnation plate height and collection time,the addition of aluminum nanoparticles promote growth and oxidation of soot on the surface of alu-minum aggregates,effectively enhancing soot particle formation.Furthermore,the addition of aluminum nanoparticles increase the possibility of collision between particles,while increasing the internal ordering degree in the microcrystals of soot particles and in-creasing the graphitization degree.
metal particlenanofluidsootflame-wall interactionscombustion diagnosis
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