Steel slag,a byproduct of the metallurgical industry,is generated during the smelting process.It consists of various oxides formed by the oxidation of impurities such as silicon,manganese,phosphorus,and sulfur in pig iron,as well as salts produced through reactions between these oxides and solvents.Steel slag accounts for about 10％of crude steel production.With the rapid growth of global steel production,the amount of steel slag had also increased,causing problems such as land occupation and environmental pollution.Consequently,there were growing research interest in the treatment and resource utilization of steel slag.Despite being a solid waste,steel slag showed potential for pollutant removal due to its unique mineral composition and physical-chemical properties.The research shows that steel slag modified by physical or chemical methods can adsorb heavy metal ions,thereby reducing the toxicity of heavy metal polluted wastewater.This indicates that steel slag could serve as a low-cost heavy metal adsorbent.The various modification methods of steel slag for use as a heavy metal ion adsorbent were reviewed to examine the removal performance and reaction mechanisms of different modified steel slags.Finally,the future research directions for the industrial application of steel slag as an adsorbent for heavy metals was discussed,practical production and application scenarios were explored.
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