Childhood obesity is an escalating public health concern,with its prevalence rising year by year.This condition can lead to a series of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,and hyperuricemia.While various factors contribute to obesity,genetics plays a significant role,accounting for 40％to 70％of childhood obesity cases.Most of the identified loci harbor genes are involved in pathways affecting neuro-circuits that regulate appetite and satiety,insulin secretion and action,adipogenesis,and lipid metabolism.To date,using genome-wide association studies,over 1 100 obesity susceptibility loci have been identified,with notable examples being leptin,leptin receptor,and melanocortin-4 receptor gene.In this review,the correlation between genetic factors and childhood obesity and the possible mechanisms are elaborated to provide potential directions for its clinical management.
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