The neonatal period is a key period for the establishment of intestinal flora homeostasis,and antibiotics play a significant role in shaping the intestinal flora of preterm infants.Both early and long-term antibiotic exposure in preterm infants may have different degrees of influence on intestinal microbial colonization,resulting in decreased microbial diversity and alterations in species composition.These changes may directly or indirectly influence processes such as inflammatory responses and immune regulation.Antibiotic treatment may cause various adverse effects on premature infants.This paper reviewes the impact of antibiotic exposure on the intestinal flora and neonatal outcomes in preterm infants.
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