Advancesin epidemiological studies on environmental low-level cadmium exposure and maternal and child health hazards
Cadmium is a heavy metal pollutant widely present in the environment and may cause serious health hazards,especially to women and children,due to its chronic exposure effects.This article reviewed the advances of epidemiological studies in recent years on environmental low-level cadmium exposure and maternal and child health hazards.It focused on the effects of cadmium on female reproductive system,fetal growth and development,and children's intelligence and behavior,and summarized the sources,pathways,and preventive and control measures of cadmium exposure in the population.This paper aims to provide reference for environmental management and health risk assessment of cadmium pollution.