Immunometabolic Microenvironment at the Maternal-Fetal Interface Regulating Embryo Implantation
Embryo implantation induces the adaptive reprogramming of metabolism at the maternal-fetal interface,resulting in a hypoxic,mildly inflammatory,and slight acidic microenvironment.This type of microenvironment is conductive to establish endometrial receptivity,decidualization,trophoblast invasion and maternal-fetal immune tolerance by regulating the recruitment,activation,metabolism and polarization of immune cell.Successful embryo implantation necessitates the well-timed and suitable initiation and termination of the immune-inflammatory response and the glycolysis-dominated metabolic reprogramming.The dysregulation of immunometabolism caused by pathologic factors can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes,such as embryo implantation failure or post-implantation miscarriage.Macrophage as the most abundant antigen-presenting cell in the endometrium during the implantation window plays a crucial role in regulating immunometabolism at the maternal-fetal interface due to the remarkable immune plasticity and metabolic flexibility.We review the immunometabolic microenvironment and regulatory mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface,to provide a reference for the advancement of clinical intervention approaches so as to improve the pregnancy outcomes in both natural conception and assisted reproduction.
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