A Study on the Correlation between Different Types of Childhood Stress and the Spectrum of Schizo-phrenia Symptoms
Objective To investigate whether childhood stress of different nature or from different sources is specifically associated with different dimensions of schizophrenia symptoms.Methods We comprehensively assessed childhood trauma or stress from different sources and natures in 106 schizophrenia patients and 56 healthy controls us-ing the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Childhood Social Defeat Questionnaire(CSDQ),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(SES).Concurrently,we assessed the clinical symptoms of patients using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)to explore the types of childhood stress most closely related to positive symptoms,negative symptoms,and general pathological symptoms of schizophrenia.Results The patient group scored higher than the control group on all dimensions of childhood stress of different natures and sources(P＜0.001).In terms of the specific correlation between different stress dimensions and symptoms,significant corre-lations were found between the following stress dimensions and positive symptoms:sexual abuse in CTQ(SA,r=0.266,P＜0.01),total score of CSDQ(r=0.240,P＜0.05)and its components of social status defeat(r=0.247,P＜0.05),and family relationship defeat(r=0.233,P＜0.05).Stress dimensions significantly correlated/negatively corre-lated with negative symptoms included:total score of CTQ(r=0.198,P＜0.05)and its sexual abuse(SA,r=0.218,P＜0.05),social status defeat in CSDQ(r=0.193,P＜0.05),SSRS score(r=-0.279,P＜0.01),SES score(r=-0.242,P＜0.05).Stress dimensions significantly correlated/negatively correlated with general pathological symptoms in-cluded:total score of CTQ(r=0.239,P＜0.05)and its physical neglect(PN,r=0.264,P＜0.01),SA(r=0.211,P＜0.05),total score of CSDQ(r=0.248,P＜0.05)and its social interaction defeat(r=0.246,P＜0.05),SSRS score(r=-0.207,P＜0.05),SES score(r=-0.208,P＜0.05).The PANSS total score was significantly negatively cor-related with most childhood stress dimensions except for physical abuse,emotional abuse,and emotional neglect in CTQ.Conclusion Childhood stress dimensions of different natures and sources may lead to different susceptibilities to schizophrenia symptoms through different mechanisms,namely:family relationship defeat may specifically lead to positive symptoms;physical neglect and social interaction defeat may specifically lead to general pathological symptoms.Social status defeat makes individuals more susceptible to positive and negative symptoms.SA makes individuals sus-ceptible to comprehensive schizophrenia symptoms.The results of this study contribute to the research on the pathogen-esis of schizophrenia and personalized interventions.
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