Mechanism of low-intensity red light therapy in regulating axial elongation
Myopia has become an urgent problem in global public health.Low-intensity red light therapy has been shown to be effective in delaying axial elongation in a non-invasive manner,but its mecha-nism remains unclear.Low-intensity red light therapy is based on the principle that specific molecules absorb photons and respond to light signals,resulting in changes in the electronic excited state of molecules,tempo-rarily changing their structure and function,and achieving highly specific and targeted biological regulation.The regulation of axial length involves a complex cascade of reactions that begins in the retina and affects the sclera.Light exposure is closely related to axial elongation.Previous studies have indicated that the visual stimulation elicited by low-intensity red light is received by retinal neurons and generates signals,which are transduced through the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid to the sclera,leading to the release of neuro-transmitters,alterations in choroidal blood flow,and scleral remodeling.This review explores the relation-ship between low-intensity red light therapy and axial regulation,investigating the mechanisms by which low-intensity red light slows down axial growth.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,2024,48:426-432)
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