Bioinformatic Analysis of Prophages Carried by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Objective To determine the virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes encoded by prophage,as well as to predict and assess the prophage carrier and distribution properties in 83 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods Phaster network database was used to compare and predict phage gene sequences,Cadr database and Vfdb database were used to compare drug resistance genes and virulence genes,respectively.Results A total of 601 prophage sequences were detected in 83 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,of which 304 were intact,161 were incomplete and 136 were questionable.On average,there were at least 3 complete prophage sequences in each strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.On average,the proportion of all prophages carried by each Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain in its genome is about 2％to 4％.Sixty-one prophages predicted 125 resistance genes,each from 23 different families,resulting in seven resistance mechanisms.356 prophages encode a total of 545 virulence genes,which are classified as 119 virulence genes encoding 78 related virulence factors.Each prophage typically carries one to two virulence factors,although some prophages carry three or more.Apart from Pseudomonas aeruginosa,other host sources of virulence factors included Bacillus pertussis,Mycobacterium flavum,Mycobacterium avium,and its subspecies,as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae and its subspecies.Conclusion Prophages are widely distributed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carry drug resistance and virulence genes,which have asignificant impact on the acquisition,transmission,and pathogenicity evolution of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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