Yeast,as a single-celled microorganism,has been used as a derivative drug carrier because of its whole genome sequence availability,great heritability and non-pathogenicity.Additionally,research on yeast as a vaccine vector is also in the ascendant,and the target proteins can be expressed in yeast cells to make a recombinant Whole Yeast Vaccine(WYV),or the target proteins can be anchored on the surface of yeast cells to make a Yeast Surface Displayed(YSD)vaccine.Oral yeast-based DNA vaccines effectively elicit humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by delivering genes encoding immunogenic antigens to host cells via DNA plasmid vectors.All of these vaccines utilizing yeast vectors have the ability to stimulate the humoral and cellular immunological responses,so triggering the body's immune system and preventing disease.In addition,the β-glucan contained in the yeast cytoderm can act as a natural adjuvant to further enhance immune responses.This study covers a number of common yeast expression systems in brief,as well as the mechanism by which oral yeast vector vaccines induce a host immune response,as well as the advancement,applications,issues,and future directions of the field.
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