[目的]促进地埂植物带措施的进一步推广应用,为水土保持新技术新方法的革新积累经验.[方法]根据地埂植物带的技术特点,对东北黑土区地埂植物带措施的技术标准、建设方法、建设成本、存在问题及改进方法进行研究,并引入WOCAT(World overview of conservation approaches and technologies)中水保措施的成本计算和效益评价方法来计算成本和进行效益评价.[结果]地埂植物带能截短坡长,增加入渗,拦截泥沙,随着地埂植物带拦截泥沙量的增加,逐年加高植物带后,坡耕地还会形成水平梯田,增加粮食产量.地埂植物带的建设标准为:单个地埂的断面为梯形,顶宽为0.3～0.5 m,底宽1m,高度为0.5～0.6 m,内坡比1∶1或1∶0.5,外坡比1∶0.5,地埂间距为40～60m.复合植物带的建设标准为:复合植物带的间距为20～40m,复合植物带两条土埂的间距为2m,两条地埂之间竹节壕的长为5～10m,宽1.5m,深0.2～0.3 m.地埂植物带和复合植物带每公顷的建设费用分别为3070和7230元.[建议]地埂植物带综合效益高,在措施的推广中,要正确处理当前和长远利益的关系,以达到土地可持续利用的目的.
Effects and benefits of belts of shrub or grass on slope farmland——A case of black soil region in Northeast China
[Objective]Effects of BSG (belts of shrub or grass) on slope farmland were studied to accumulate experiences for developing new technologies and approaches of soil and water conservation.[Method]According to the technical characteristics of BSG,technical standards,construction methods,project costs,existing problems and improved methods were summarized.Costing and benefit evaluation method of soil and water conservation techniques and approaches from WOCAT (World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies) were introduced to evaluate the costs and benefits.[Result]BSG could protect the land from surface erosion by cutting slope length,increasing infiltration and intercepting sediments.With more and more intercepted sediments,BSG became higher leading to the formation of forward slope terraces over time,which made the grain yield increased.The construction standard of BSG was as follows.The laddershaped cross section of a ridge was 0.3-0.5 m in width (suitable width on the top),1 m in bottom width,0.5-0.6 m in height,1:1 or 1:0.5 in inner-side gradient and 1:0.5 in outer-side gradient.The distance between two BSGs was 40-60 m.The distance between double-BCG was 20-40m.The distance between two bunds in double-BCG was 2 m.The bamboo-shape site was 5-10 m in length,1.5 m in width,and 0.2-0.3 m in depth.The construction costs of BSG and double-BSG were 3070 Yuan and 7230 Yuan.[Suggestion]BSG and double-BSG have great comprehensive benefits.During promotion,the relationship between the immediate interests and long-term interests should be handled properly so as to achieve the sustainable utilization of land.Effects of bund and plant density on the flood control standard need to be further studied.
BSG (Belts of Shrub or Grass)composite plant beltWOCAT (World Overview of Consevation Approaches and Technologies)benefit evaluationblack soil region in Northeast China
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据
维普
