Efficacy evaluation of bactericides for kiwifruit canker
[Objective]The present study was conducted to screen effective bactericides for kiwifruit canker in order to provide references for controling kiwifruit canker. [Method]Streaking method was used to isolate and purify pathogenic bacteria of kiwifruit cancer for indoor toxicity test. The indoor toxicity of 16 bactericides was tested using bacteriostatic cir-cle method. Field control tests for kiwifruit canker control were conducted in 2014. Eleven bactericides were used to daub stem disease spots directly at 1:50 dilution and daub stem disease spots engraved longitudinally at 1:50 dilution, and sprayed on leaves at recommended dosage. In 2015, ten bactericides at dilution of 1:10 and other four raw bactericides(such as symplectic) were used to daub canker disease spots of kiwifruit directly. [Result]The indoor toxicity tests showed that median effective concentration(EC50) of 0.15% tetramycin AS, 1.8% Xinjunan acetate AS, 3% zhongshengmycin WP, 20% bis-merthiazol WP and 80% ethylicin EC against bacteria of kiwifruit cancer were 27.3114, 8598.8929, 19486.8899, 20482.1833 and 42113.8064 mg/L respectively. The control effects of 80% bordeaux mixture WP(diluted 50 times) and 20% bismerthiazol WP could reach 70.6% and 64.1% respectively with disease spots daubed directly, but only 47.6%, 8.6% with disease spots daubed after being engraved longitudinally. The control effect of 80% ethylicin EC (diluted 10 times), 0.15% tetramycin AS, 80% bordeaux mixture WP and 20% bismerthiazol WP with the disease spots daubed directly were 79.3%, 60.0%, 50.1% and 41.3% respectively. The control effects of foliage spraying with 80% ethylicin EC (diluted 1000 times), 0.5% lentinan AS(diluted 1000 times), 0.15% tetramycin AS(diluted 600 times), 1.8% Xinjunan acetate AS(diluted 500 times) and 46% copper hydroxide WG (diluted 500 times) were satisfactory and all exceeded 80.0%. [Conclusion]The procedure of controling kiwifruit canker by bactericides are as follows: cleaning the garden withbordeaux mixture in winter; during late January-early May, daubing stems with ethylicin, lentinan, tetramycin and bordeaux mixture; since late May, ethylicin, lentinan, tetramycin, xinjunan acetate and copper hydroxide are sprayed to control leaf dis-ease. The bactericides are sprayed every 20 d, each spraying is sparyed for 3-4 times. They can be replaced by bismerthiazol and copper abietate.
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