摘要
[目的]明确广西烟区烟蚜的田间防治指标,为广西烟区烟蚜的精准防控提供科学依据.[方法]采用田间笼罩接虫法,烟蚜接虫数量设0(CK)、10、50、100和200头/株5个处理,每处理40株烟,研究烟蚜发生量与烟株生长发育及烤后烟叶品质、烟叶经济损失、烟叶产量损失间的关系,获得其经济阈值和生态经济阈值.[结果]接虫后,烟株的株高、叶片数、最大叶宽和最大叶面积均随着接虫数量的增加而降低,接虫数量与烟株农艺性状各指标呈负相关.烟蚜为害会导致烤后烟叶总糖、还原糖、糖碱比和氮碱比显著上升(P<0.05,下同),淀粉、总氮、粗蛋白、烟碱和钾含量显著下降,两糖比无显著变化(P>0.05);接虫数量与总糖、还原糖、两糖比、氮碱比和糖碱比呈正相关,其中与氮碱比和糖碱比达极显著水平(P<0.01,下同),与总氮和烟碱呈极显著负相关;烟蚜为害并不会显著降低烤后烟叶化学成分综合协调性指标.烟叶的产量和产值均随着烟蚜接虫数量的增加而逐渐降低,接虫数量为10、50、100和200头/株时,其产量分别为2085.30、2023.20、1972.80和1916.10 kg/ha,产量损失率分别为1.18%、4.21%、6.48%和9.11%,产值分别为57623.36、54288.23、51792.62和48987.77元/ha,经济损失率分别为4.63%、10.27%、14.35%和18.83%.烟蚜的经济阈值为11.99～65.50头/株,生态经济阈值为23.41～90.30头/株.[结论]随着烟蚜为害程度的加重,烟株各农艺性状指标呈下降趋势,烟株长势逐渐变差,烤后烟叶化学成分综合协调性指标降低,烟叶产量、产值、上中等烟叶比例和均价逐渐下降,产量损失率和经济损失率逐渐上升.建议广西烟区烟蚜的田间防治指标为48.76头/株.
Abstract
[Objective]The purpose of the study was to clarify the field control indexes for Myzus persicae(Sulzer)in the Guangxi tobacco-growing area,and to provide a scientific basis for precise prevention and control of M.persicae in Guangxi tobacco-growing area.[Method]The field cage insect infestation method was used,and the number of M.persi-cae was set at 5 treatments of 0(CK),10,50,100 and 200 insect/plant,with 40 tobacco plants per treatment.The rela-tionship between M.persicae number and tobacco development and growth,flue-cured tobacco leaf quality,tobacco leaf economic losses,and tobacco leaf yield losses was studied to obtain the economic threshold and ecological and economic threshold.[Result]After insect infestation,the plant height,leaf number,maximum leaf width,and maximum leaf area of tobacco plants decreased with the increase of infestation number.The insect infestation number was negatively correla-ted with the indexes of agronomic characters of tobacco plants.M.persicae infestation caused a significant increase in total sugar,reducing sugar,sugar-alkali ratio and nitrogen-alkali ratio(P<0.05,the same below),a significant decrease in starch,nitrogen,crude protein,nicotine and potassium contents,and no significant change in the two-sugar ratio in flue-cured tobacco leaves(P>0.05).The insect infestation number was positively correlated with total sugar,reducing sugar,two-sugar ratio,nitrogen-alkali ratio and sugar-alkali ratio,and insect infestation number was extremely signifi-cantly positively with nitrogen-alkali ratio and sugar-alkali ratio(P<0.01,the same below),and was extremely signifi-cantly negatively correlated with total nitrogen and nicotine.M.persicae infestation did not significantly reduce the com-prehensive chemical composition coordination indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves.The yield and output value of tobac-co leaves decreased gradually with the increase of the number of M.persicae.When the insect number was 10,50,100 and 200 insect/plant,the yields were 2085.30,2023.20,1972.80 and 1916.10 kg/ha,the yield loss rates were 1.18%,4.21%,6.48%and 9.11%,the output values were 57623.36,54288.23,51792.62 and 48987.77 yuan/ha,and the econo-mic loss rates were 4.63%,10.27%,14.35%and 18.83%respectively.The economic threshold for M.persicae ranged from 11.99 to 65.50 insect/plant and the ecological and economic threshold ranged from 23.41 to 90.30 insect/plant.[Conclu-sion]With the aggravation of M.persicae infestation,the indexes of agronomic characters of tobacco plants show a decreasing trend,and the growth of tobacco plants gradually deteriorates.The comprehensive chemical composition coordination indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves decreases.The yield,output value,proportion of superior and inter-mediate tobacco leaves and average price of tobacco leaves gradually decrease,and the yield loss rate and economic loss rate gradually increase.It is recommended that the field control index for M.persicae in Guangxi tobacco-growing area should be set at 48.76 insect/plant.
基金项目
贵州省科技创新人才团队项目(黔科合平台人才-CXTD[2021]004)
中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司科技计划项目(202145000024006)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据