摘要
[目的]明确江西省生境条件下东方蜜蜂遗传多样性水平及遗传分化规律,为促进江西省东方蜜蜂遗传资源的保护与利用,以及我国东方蜜蜂遗传资源的保护和合理布局提供理论依据.[方法]选用37个微卫星标记对江西省10个代表性样点共704群东方蜜蜂进行遗传特征、遗传多样性和遗传分化分析,利用Excel Microsatellite Toolkit 3.1计算观察杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、等位基因数(Na)和多态信息含量(PIC),采用PopGene 1.31计算有效等位基因数(Ne)和香农指数(I),通过GenAlEx 6.5和R 4.0.3分别进行主坐标分析(PCoA)和主成分判别分析(DAPC),运用Genepop on Web分析样点间的遗传分化指数(Fst),通过Fst=1/(1+4Nm)计算基因流(Nm),并以POPTREE2构建UPGMA聚类分析树.[结果]以37个微卫星标记从江西省10个样点704群东方蜜蜂中共检测出374个等位基因,其中PIC高于平均值的有21个微卫星标记(AP243、BI278、AP249、AT185、BI225、AC139、Ap313、AT004、AC045、K0715、AC011、AP189、BI314、Ap085、AT101、244T、Ac-1、Ac-2、Ac-5、Ac-26和Ac-35).江西省10个样点东方蜜蜂群体的Na为5.2857～6.3125,平均值为5.8247;Ho为0.3951～0.4602,平均值为0.4197;He为0.4211～0.4676,平均值为0.4437;Ne为2.7991～3.2596,平均值为2.9205;PIC为0.3909～0.4366,平均值为0.4133;I为0.9090～1.0106,平均值为0.9542;10个东方蜜蜂样点间的近交系数(Fis)为-0.036～0.091,Fst为0.0059～0.0294,Nm为8.2534～42.1229.PcoA分析、DAPC分析及UPGMA聚类分析均显示,江西东方蜜蜂尚未发生种群遗传分化.[结论]江西东方蜜蜂遗传多样性处于全国中等水平,未发现江西东方蜜蜂发生种群遗传分化,且在东方蜜蜂遗传分化过程中基因交流的作用大于环境选择.
Abstract
[Objective]To clarify the level of genetic diversity and differentiation regular patterns of Apis cerana un-der habitat conditions in Jiangxi,and provide theoretical basis for promoting the protection and utilization of the genetic resources of A.cerana in Jiangxi,as well as the protection and rational layout of A.cerana genetic resources in China.[Method]A total of 37 microsatellite markers were selected to analyze the genetic characteristics,genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of 704 populations of A.cerana from 10 representative sites in Jiangxi.Excel Microsatellite Toolkit 3.1 was used to calculate the observed heterozygosity(Ho),expected heterozygosity(He),number of alleles(Na)and polymorphic information content(PIC).PopGene 1.31 was used to calculate the effective allele number(Ne)and Shan-non index(I),and GenAlEx 6.5 and R 4.0.3 were used to carry out principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)and principal component discriminant analysis(DAPC)respectively.Genetic differentiation index(Fst)between sample sites was ana-lyzed using Genepop on Web online software.Gene flow(Nm)was calculated using Fst=1/(1+4Nm),and UPGMA den-drogram was constructed using POPTREE2.[Result]A total of 374 alleles were detected from 704 populations of A.cera-na at 10 sampling sites in Jiangxi using 37 microsatellite markers.Among them,21 microsatellite markers(AP243,BI278,AP249,AT185,BI225,AC139,Ap313,AT004,AC045,K0715,AC011,AP189,BI314,Ap085,AT101,244T,Ac-1,Ac-2,Ac-5,Ac-26 and Ac-35)of PIC were higher than the average.The Na values of 10 sample sites of A.cerana populations in Jiangxi ranged from 5.2857 to 6.3125,with an average value of 5.8247;Ho ranged from 0.3951 to 0.4602,with an average value of 0.4197;He ranged from 0.4211 to 0.4676,with an average value of 0.4437;Ne ranged from 2.7991 to 3.2596,with an average value of 2.9205;PIC ranged from 0.3909 to 0.4366,with an average value of 0.4133;I ranged from 0.9090 to 1.0106,with an average value of 0.9542;inbreeding coefficient(Fis)between 10 sample sites of A.cerana ranged from-0.036 to 0.091,Fst ranged from 0.0059 to 0.0294,and Nm ranged from 8.2534 to 42.1229.PCoA analysis,DAPC analysis and UPGMA dendrogram all showed that the population genetic differentiation of A.cerana in Jiangxi has not yet occurred.[Conclusion]The genetic diversity of A.cerana in Jiangxi is at a moderate level nation-wide,and no population genetic differentiation has been found.Moreover,the role of gene exchange in the genetic dif-ferentiation process of A.ceranais greater than that of environmental selection.
基金项目
国家自然科学青年基金(31902218)
国家蜂产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-45-KXJ11)
福建省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202210359177)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据