摘要
[目的]探究精量穴直播水稻下,硅肥与稻鸭共育互作对水稻茎秆结构、抗倒伏性和产量的调控效应,为稻鸭共育适应直播水稻模式,实现高产抗倒栽培提供理论及技术支撑.[方法]以渝香优8133、渝香203、渝两优86、C两优华占和黄华占为试验材料,设不施硅肥+不养鸭(CK)、不施硅肥+养鸭(D)、施硅肥+不养鸭(S)和施硅肥+养鸭(DS)4个处理,分析水稻茎秆力学特征、形态结构、物质积累与茎秆抗倒伏性和产量的关系.[结果]与CK相比,D、S和DS处理产量分别增加3.2%～21.4%、3.2%～6.5%和9.6%～17.8%,其中DS处理下渝香203、渝香优8133和C两优华占分别增加9.9%、17.8%和9.6%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05,下同).D、S和DS处理的倒伏指数分别较CK降低8.8%～12.4%、8.0%～13.6%和12.2%～30.2%,其中以DS处理降幅达显著水平,品种间趋势一致.DS处理下,茎秆折断弯矩较CK提高11.4%～44.7%,是倒伏指数显著降低的主要原因,品种间渝香优8133、渝香203和渝两优86归因于断面模数增大,C两优华占和黄华占归因于弯曲应力增强.与CK相比,DS处理提高了精量穴直播水稻基节茎、鞘充实度、茎粗和壁厚,增加了抽穗期和成熟期单茎鞘干重,提高了茎秆质量和折断弯矩.相关分析结果表明,穗长、下部节间和中部节间与倒伏指数显著正相关,茎秆折断弯矩与基部节间茎、鞘充实度、茎粗、壁厚及抽穗期和成熟期单茎干重显著正相关.[结论]稻鸭共育下施用硅肥可增强基节粗度和壁厚,提高节间茎鞘充实度和茎秆质量,进而增强精量穴直播水稻茎秆机械强度和抗倒伏性.
Abstract
[Objective]The purpose of this study was to investigate the stem morphological traits,stem physical pa-rameter of the lodging resistance and yield performance of precision hill-direct-seeding rice treated with silicon fertilizer and rice-duck farming system,so as to provide theoretical and technical supports for high-yield and lodging resistance in the rice-duck farming system under precision hill-direct-seeding rice.[Method]Field experiments were conducted with four treatments,including no silicon fertilizer and no ducks in paddy field(CK),applying silicon fertilizer and no ducks in paddy field(S),no silicon fertilizer with raising ducks in paddy field(D),applying silicon fertilizer with raising ducks in paddy field(SD),by using five indica rice varieties Yuxiang203(YX203),Yuxiangyou8133(YXY8133),Yu-liangyou86(YLY86),Cliangyouhuazhan(CLYHZ)and Huanghuazhan(HHZ).Lodging related physical parameters,morphological traits,dry matter accumulation and grain yield were investigated.[Result]Compared with CK,D,S and DS treatments increased grain yield by 3.2%～21.4%、3.2%～6.5%and 9.6%～17.8%,respectively.Among them,DS treatments for YX203,YXY8133 and CLYHZ showed significant higher yield by 9.9%、17.8%and 9.6%,respectively.Compared with CK,D,S and DS treatments declined LI by 8.8%～12.4%、8.0%～13.6%and 12.2%～30.2%,respectively,and differed with significant difference in DS treatments.The trend was consistent among five varieties.The stem breaking strength(M)in DS treatments were enhanced by 11.4%～44.7%with significant difference,which primary attributed to significant reduction in LI.Among different varieties,larger section modulus(SM)of YXY8133,YX203 and YLY86 and higher bending stress(BS)of CLYHZ and HHZ induced higher M under precision hill-direct-seeding rice,respectively.Com-pared with CK,DS treatment increased stem mechanical strength which resulted from higher culm and leaf sheath weight per unit length,culm diameter,and culm wall thickness and stems dry weight per plant at heading and mature stage.Corre-lation analysis showed that LI was significantly and positively correlated with panicle length,middle and lower internode length,and M was significantly and positively correlated with culm and leaf sheath weight per unit length,culm diameter,and culm wall thickness and stems dry weight per plant at heading and mature stage.[Conclusion]Silicon fertilizer appli-cation could increase stem quality by higher culm and leaf sheath weight per unit length,culm diameter,and culm wall thickness and stems dry weight per plant at heading and mature stage and thus,improve stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance in the rice-duck farming system.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31701382)
国家现代农业产业体系项目(CARS-01-25)
重庆市现代农业产业技术体系项目(CQMAITS202301)
永川区技术创新与应用发展专项(2022yccxfz30010)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据