不同施肥方式对再生稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响
Effects of different fertilizer application methods on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen fertilizer utilization in regenerating rice fields
万雪薇 1丁紫娟 1聂江文 1朱波 1刘章勇 1蒋梦蝶1
作者信息
- 1. 长江大学农学院主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州 434200;长江大学/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州 434200
- 折叠
摘要
[目的]探究控释尿素和普通尿素配施及控释尿素一次性深施技术对再生稻田氨挥发损失和氮肥利用率的影响,以期为我国再生稻田增产减排措施的制定提供科学指导.[方法]以水稻品种丰两优香1号和甬优4949为试验材料,设不施氮对照(CK)、常规分次施普通尿素(FFP)、普通尿素组配控释尿素一基一追(CRU+U)和一次性根区10 cm深施控释尿素(CRUR)共4个处理.测定不同施肥处理下再生稻田氨挥发变化趋势、两季产量及氮肥利用率.[结果]与FFP处理相比,CRUR处理和CRU+U处理显著降低了再生稻生育期内的氨挥发通量,CRUR处理氨挥发损失量和氨挥发损失率分别降低77.01%～78.10%和92.17%～95.35%,CRU+U处理的氨挥发损失量和氨挥发损失率分别降低53.60%～55.75%和65.45%～66.72%;与FFP处理相比,CRUR处理和CRU+U处理显著降低了田面水NH4+-N浓度和NO3--N浓度;与FFP处理相比,CRUR处理再生稻头季产量、再生季产量和氮肥利用率分别增加30.00%～30.38%、12.10%～20.28%和84.31%～87.37%,CRU+U处理再生稻头季产量、再生季产量和氮肥利用率分别增加10.0%～16.46%、10.60%～18.84%和35.14%～36.13%;再生稻氨挥发通量与田面水的NH4+-N浓度呈显著正相关.甬优4949和丰两优香1号的平均氨挥发损失量没有显著差异,甬优4949的头季和再生季的平均产量分别比丰两优香1号高12.50%和13.11%.[结论]与常规分次施普通尿素相比,普通尿素组配控释尿素一基一追和一次性根区10 cm深施控释尿素均能显著降低稻田氨挥发损失,增加再生稻两季产量,提高氮肥利用率,且根区一次性深施控释尿素的增产减排效果优于普通尿素组配控释尿素一基一追施肥处理.
Abstract
[Objective]Investigated the effects of controlled-release urea and ordinary urea with application,as well as one-time deep application of controlled-release urea,on the ammonia volatilization loss and nitrogen fertilizer utilization in regenerated rice fields.In order to provide scientific guidance for the development of measures to increase production and reduce emissions in regenerating rice fields in China.[Method]Rice cultivars Fengliangyouxiang No.1 and Yongyou 4949 were used as experimental materials,and four treatments were set up:no nitrogen control(CK),conventional frac-tional application of common urea(FFP),combination of ordinary urea with controlled-release urea(CRU+U)and one-time 10 cm deep application of controlled-release urea(CRUR)in the root zone.Determination of trends in ammonia vola-tilization,two-season yield and nitrogen fertilizer utilization in regenerated rice fields under different fertilization treat-ments.[Result]Compared with FFP treatment,CRUR treatment and CRU+U treatment significantly reduced the ammo-nia volatilization flux during the growth period of regenerated rice,the ammonia volatilization loss and ammonia volatil-ization loss rate of CRUR treatment were reduced by 77.01%～78.10%and 92.17%～95.35%,the ammonia volatilization loss and ammonia volatilization loss rate of CRU+U treatment decreased by 53.60%～55.75%and 65.45%～66.72%;Com-pared with FFP treatment,CRUR treatment and CRU+U treatment significantly reduced the concentration of NH4+-N and NO3--N in field water;Compared with FFP treatment,The yield of regenerated rice,yield in regeneration season and ni-trogen use efficiency increased by 30.00%～30.38%,12.10%～20.28%and 84.31%～87.37%,CRU+U treatment increased the yield of regenerated rice in the first season,the yield in the regeneration season and the nitrogen use efficiency by 10.0%～16.46%,10.60%～18.84%and 35.14%～36.13%;The ammonia volatile flux of regenerated rice was significantly positively correlated with the NH4+-N concentration of field surface water.There was no significant difference in the aver-age ammonia volatilization loss between Yongyou 4949 and Fengliangyouxiang No.1,the average yield of Yongyou 4949 in the first and regeneration seasons was 12.50%and 13.11%higher than that of Fengliangyouxiang No.1.[Conclusion]Compared with conventional fertilization,both the mixture of ordinary urea and controlled-release urea with one base and one follow-up application,and one-time deep application of controlled-release urea at 10 cm in the root zone,significantly reduced the ammonia volatilization loss in paddy field,increase the yield of regenerated rice in two seasons,and improve nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.The one-time deep application of controlled-release urea at 10 cm in the root zone had a better effecton yield increase and emission reduction than the fertilization treatment of ordinary urea mixed with controlled-release urea one base and one pursuit.This study provided a theoretical basis for realizing the light simplified fertilization of regenerated rice.
关键词
控释尿素/根区施肥/再生稻/氨挥发/氮肥利用率Key words
controlled-release urea/root zone fertilization/regenerating rice/ammonia volatilization/nitrogen fer-tilizer utilization rate引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301000)
出版年
2023
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据