摘要
[目的]筛选茎秆抗折力强、综合农艺性状好的抗茎倒小麦种质材料,为黄淮麦区南片抗茎倒小麦品种选育提供亲本材料;比较强弱茎秆抗折力材料的主要形态特性,为抗茎倒小麦品种相关基因挖掘和调控机制解析确定研究指标.[方法]收集黄淮麦区南片主要小麦育种单位的优异种质资源,按照株高介于0.60～0.90 m、开花期和成熟期与本麦区主推品种郑麦1860相差不大于2 d的标准,从中选取406份小麦种质资源材料作为试验材料.在开花期和花后30 d利用茎秆强度测定仪对试验材料的茎秆抗折力进行测定,调查试验材料田间倒伏情况,在灌浆期和成熟期调查各材料的株高、穗长、产量三要素等主要农艺性状;并通过制作茎秆横截面切片,测定强、弱茎秆抗折力种质材料基部第二节间的直径、厚度等形态结构指标.[结果]多因素方差分析结果表明,茎秆抗折力在种质间、年份间和种质与年份的互作上均表现出极显著差异(P<0.01).试验材料开花期的茎秆抗折力平均为10.730 N,变幅为2.178～23.539 N,介于10～15 N的材料最多,占50.98%;花后30 d的茎秆抗折力平均为5.454N,变幅为1.313～18.130 N,介于5～10 N的材料最多,占51.72%.在开花期和花后30 d分别鉴定到34份和15份茎秆抗折力较强的种质材料,综合分析这些材料的主要农艺性状,筛选到20份茎秆抗折力较强且综合农艺性状优良的小麦种质,其中平麦189、濮麦1128、郑麦1860等3份材料表现最突出.相关分析结果表明,茎秆壁厚度、大维管束数量和薄壁组织细胞层数与茎秆抗折力强弱显著相关(P<0.05),节间长度、茎秆直径、小维管束数量等指标与茎秆抗折力强弱无显著相关性(P>0.05).[结论]茎秆抗折力是反映小麦抗茎倒能力的重要指标,平麦189、濮麦1128、郑麦1860等3份材料可作为重点亲本用于抗茎倒小麦品种的选育.在黄淮麦区南片小麦种质中,茎秆壁厚度、大维管束数量和薄壁组织细胞层数是影响茎秆抗折力的主要形态特征,这些性状可作为小麦抗茎倒基因挖掘和机制解析的研究指标.
Abstract
[Objective]To provide breeding material for stem lodging resistance breeding of wheat in southern of Huanghuai wheat region,the stem bending resistance and comprehensive agronomic characteristics of wheat germplasm materials were analyzed.To clarify which traits can be used as subtraits in the study of stem lodging resistance genes,the main morphological characteristics of the different stem bending resistance materials were compared.[Method]The excel-lent germplasm resources of major wheat breeding institutions in the south of Huanghuai wheat zone were collected.A to-tal of 406 wheat germplasm resources were selected as experimental materials according to the two criteria,one is the plant height was 0.60～0.90 m,and the another one is the difference of anthesis and maturation time was not more than 2 d compared with Zhengmai 1860,which widely planted in this wheat zone.The stem bending resistance of the wheat germ-plasm materials was measured by the plant lodging tester,and the lodging situation was investigated at anthesis and 30 days after anthesis.The main agronomic traits such as plant height,spike length and yield components were investigated at filling stage to mature stage.The related morphological characteristics of the materials with strong stem and fragile stem were measured by making cross section of the stem.[Result]The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in stem bending resistance among germplasms,years and germplasm×years(P<0.01).At anthesis,the stem bending resistance was 10.730 N on average,with a range of 2.178～23.539 N,and the material be-tween 10～15 N was the most,accounting for 50.98%.At 30 days after anthesis,the stem bending resistance was 5.454 N on average,with a range of 1.313～18.130 N,and the material between 5～10 N was the most,accounting for 51.72%.At anthesis and 30 days after anthesis,we obtained 34 and 15 germplasm materials with strong stem bending resistance,re-spectively.By comprehensive analysis of the main agronomic traits of these materials,20 wheat germplasm materials with strong stem bending resistance and excellent agronomic traits were screened.Among them,Pingmai189,Pumai1128 and Zhengmai1860 were the most outstanding materials.The results of correlation analysis show that stem wall thickness,number of large vascular bundle and number of parenchyma cell layers were significantly correlated with stem bending re-sistance,while internode length,stem diameter and number of small vascular bundle were not significantly correlated with stem bending resistance.[Conclusion]Stem bending resistance is an important index to reflect the ability of wheat to resist stem lodging.Three wheat germplasm materials,including Pingmai189,Pumai1128 and Zhengmai1860,could be used as key parents for the breeding of the wheat varieties with strong stem lodging resistance.In wheat germplasm materials of southern of Huanghuai wheat region,Stem wall thickness,the number of large vascular bundles and the number of paren-chyma cell layers are the main morphological indexes that affect the stem bending resistance.These traits can be used as research indicators for the mining and mechanism analysis of stem bending resistance genes in wheat.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200601)
河南省重点研发与推广专项(232102110229)
河南省农业科学院杰出青年科技基金项目(2023JQ01)
河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2022YQ18)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据