珠江口海域游泳动物群落结构及多样性特征
Community structure and diversity of nekton in coastal waters of the Pearl River Estuary
裴精花 1陈清华 2范金金 1刘伟杰 2郭照良 3隋昊志2
作者信息
- 1. 佛山科学技术学院生命科学与工程学院,广东佛山 528225;生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州 510655
- 2. 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州 510655;国家环境保护水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室,广东广州 510530
- 3. 佛山科学技术学院生命科学与工程学院,广东佛山 528225
- 折叠
摘要
[目的]分析珠江口海域游泳动物群落结构及多样性特征,掌握物种组成、优势种、资源量及时空分布等生态现状,为珠江口海域游泳动物资源保护及合理开发提供理论依据.[方法]于2021年9月和2022年4月对珠江口海域16个站位进行底拖网调查,计算其相对重要性指数(IRI)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)等生物多样性指标,并结合尾数生物量比较(ABC)曲线、聚类分析和非度量多维尺度(NMDS)等方法分析游泳动物群落结构的时空差异性.[结果]共调查捕获游泳动物215种,其中鱼类120种、甲壳类91种、头足类4种;其中秋季优势种为近亲蟳(Charybdis affinis)、近缘新对虾(Metapenaeus affinis)、亨氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hungerfordi)、长叉三宅虾蛄(Miyakea nepa)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)、短吻鲾(Leiognathus brevirostris)、凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、颈斑鲾(Nuchequula nuchalis)、线纹鳗鲶(Plotosus lineatus);春季优势种为近亲蟳、近缘新对虾、变态蟳(C.variegata)、亨氏仿对虾、长叉三宅虾蛄、皮氏叫姑鱼、须赤虾(Metapenaeopsis barbata)、周氏新对虾(M.joyneri)、脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda);全年优势种7种,优势种生物量占总生物量的51.81%,秋季、春季各9种,分别占总生物量的70.63%和63.26%;全年丰富度指数D均值为7.65,多样性指数H′均值为2.56,均匀度指数J′均值为0.66.秋季和春季生物量均值分别为1510 g/h和4626 g/h;根据ABC曲线计算的秋季、春季W分别为-0.062和-0.049,表明珠江口海域游泳动物群落处于中度干扰.聚类分析和NMDS分析结果显示,珠江口海域游泳动物群落分为河口群组和近岸群组,组间群落结构差异极显著(P<0.01).[结论]珠江口海域鱼类种群虽然已获得一定程度的恢复,生物多样性水平较高,但传统优势经济鱼类逐渐被小型低值鱼类和甲壳类取代,优势种更替明显.
Abstract
The nekton community structure and diversity in the coastal waters of the Pearl River Estuary was exam-ined in this study,aiming to provide reference basis for scientific management and development of nekton.[Method]Data on nekton was collected by bottom trawl from 16 stations which was conducted in September 2021(autumn)and April 2022(spring).The relative importance index(IRI),Margalef's species richness index(D),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H'),and Pielou's evenness index(J')were computed.The ABC curve method,CLUSTER analysis,and non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)were employed to assess spatial heterogeneity in nekton distribution.[Result]A total of 215 nekton species was identified,encompassing 120 fish species,91 crustaceans species,and 4 cephalopods species.There were 7 dominant species in the whole year,accounting for 51.81%of the total biomass,and 9 species in autumn and spring,accounting for 70.63%and 63.26%of the total biomass,respectively.The average Margalef's species richness index(D),Shannon-Weiner biodiversity index(H'),and Pielou evenness index(J')of nekton were 7.65,2.56 and 0.66 respectively.The average biomass in autumn and spring was 1510 g/h and 4626 g/h respectively.The statistical values of W calculated by ABC curve in autumn and spring were-0.062 and-0.049,respectively,indicating that the aquatic fauna community in the Pearl River Estuary was moderately disturbed.The results of cluster analysis and NMDS analysis showed that the communities of nekton in the Pearl River Estuary were divided into estuarine groups and near-shore groups,and there were significant differences in community structure between the groups(P<0.01).[Conclusion]The fish species in the Pearl River Estuary has recovered to a certain extent and the diversity level is high,but the tradi-tional dominant economic fish are gradually replaced by small low-value fish and crustaceans,and the dominant species are replaced obviously.
关键词
游泳动物/群落结构/多样性特征/ABC曲线/非度量多维尺度(NMDS)/珠江口海域Key words
nekton/community structure/diversity characteristics/abundance biomass comparison curve/non-metric multidimensional scaling/coastal waters of the Pearl River Estuary引用本文复制引用
基金项目
广东省海洋经济发展(海洋六大产业)专项(粤自然资合[2023]41号)
广东省环境保护专项(PM-zx555-202106-195)
广州市基础研究计划基础与应用基础研究项目(PM-zx913-202204-090)
出版年
2023
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据