南方农业学报2024，Vol.55Issue(7) ：2044-2057.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2024.07.016

低温冲击磨处理对银耳及其多糖性质的影响

Effects of low-temperature impact milling treatment on the properties of Tremella fuciformis and its polysaccharides

马珂 欧阳文枝 何雪梅 戴涛涛 陈军 高洁 孙健
南方农业学报2024，Vol.55Issue(7) ：2044-2057.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2024.07.016
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低温冲击磨处理对银耳及其多糖性质的影响

Effects of low-temperature impact milling treatment on the properties of Tremella fuciformis and its polysaccharides

马珂 1欧阳文枝 2何雪梅 3戴涛涛 2陈军 2高洁 4孙健3
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作者信息

  • 1. 广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西南宁 530004;广西农业科学院,广西南宁 530007
  • 2. 南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330031
  • 3. 广西农业科学院,广西南宁 530007;广西果蔬贮藏与加工新技术重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
  • 4. 广西大学轻工与食品工程学院,广西南宁 530004
  • 折叠

摘要

[目的]探究低温冲击磨超微粉碎处理对银耳及其多糖性质的影响,以期为银耳的精深加工及活性成分提取提供理论依据.[方法]利用低温冲击磨的不同分级机频率(10、20、30和40 Hz)粉碎干燥银耳,并通过水提醇沉法提取银耳多糖,对不同银耳粉的基本营养成分、物理性质及银耳多糖的基本理化性质、流变特性、结构等进行测定,探究分级机频率对银耳粉及其多糖的影响.[结果]随着分级机频率的增加,银耳粉的水分含量(10.41%～12.18%)逐渐降低,而蛋白质和灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05);银耳粉颜色由黄色逐渐变为白色,表现为L*增加、a*和b*均降低;平均粒径D50(47.7～389.0 μm)显著降低(P<0.05),持水力(2.90～3.63 g/g)增加,持油力(2.67～3.36 g/g)增加,粉末流动性降低.与未经低温冲击磨处理银耳粉提取多糖的性质相比,低温冲击磨处理后银耳粉提取多糖的得率(5.23%～13.88%)及中性糖(63.71%～74.12%)、糖醛酸(24.17%～28.60%)含量增加,蛋白质含量(0.29～0.65 g/g)降低.此外,分级机频率为30 Hz时,多糖的分子量最低,为15400 kD;不同银耳多糖均以甘露糖为主要单糖,其余由核糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、岩藻糖组成.多糖Zeta电位绝对值随分级机频率增加整体呈增加趋势.流变特性测定结果表明,不同银耳多糖溶液均属于非牛顿流体,且分级机频率为20 Hz时,溶液的黏度最高.红外光谱及X射线衍射结果表明,不同分级机频率银耳粉提取的多糖均不会产生新官能团,为无定型结构.[结论]低温冲击磨粉碎能改善银耳粉色泽,改变银耳粉粒径及流动性,提高多糖得率,也影响银耳多糖的流变性质,但不会改变多糖的单糖组成和基本结构.

Abstract

[Objective]To investigate the effects of low-temperature impact milling on the properties of Tremella fuci-formis powders and T.fuciformis polysaccharides(TFP),with a view to providing theoretical basis for the deep processing of T.fuciformis powders and the extraction of active ingredients.[Method]Different classifier frequencies(10,20,30 and 40 Hz)of the low-temperature impact mill were used to crush the dried T.fuciformis,and TFP were obtained by water ex-traction and alcohol precipitation method.The basic nutrients,physical properties of different T.fuciformis powders and the basic physicochemical properties,rheological properties and structure of TFP were determined to investigate the ef-fects of classifier frequency on T.fuciformis powders and TFP.[Result]As the frequency of the classifier increased,the moisture content(10.41%-12.18%)of T.fuciformis powders gradually decreased,while there was no significant differen-ce in protein and ash contents(P>0.05);the color of T.fuciformis powders gradually changed from yellow to white,which showed an increase in the L* value,and decrease in the a* and b* values.The average particle size D50(47.7-389.0 μm)was significantly reduced(P<0.05),the water holding capacity(2.90-3.63 g/g)and oil holding capacity(2.67-3.36 g/g)were increased,and the powder fluidity was reduced.Compared with the polysaccharide properties extracted from T.fuci-formis powders without low-temperature impact milling treatment,the polysaccharide yields(5.23%-13.88%)obtained using the treated T.fuciformis powders,the content of neutral sugars(63.71%-74.12%)and glucuronic acid(24.17%-28.60%)were increased,while the protein content(0.29-0.65 g/g)was reduced.In addition,the lowest molecular weight of the polysaccharides was 15400 kD at a classifier frequency of 30 Hz;all the different TFP had mannose as the main monosaccharide,and the rest consisted of ribose,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galacturonic acid,glucose,galactose,xy-lose,and fucose.The absolute values of polysaccharides Zeta potential increased gradually with the increase of frequen-cies of classifier.The results of rheological characterization showed that the different TFP solutions were all non-Newtonian fluids,and the viscosity of the solutions was the highest when the classifier frequency was 20 Hz.Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the polysaccharides extracted from T.fuciformis powder with different classifier frequencies did not produce new functional groups and were amorphous.[Conclusion]Low-temperature impact milling can improve the color of T.fuciformis powder,change the particle size of T.fuciformis powder as well as the flui-dity,improve the yield of polysaccharide,also affect the rheological properties of TFP,but will not change the monosac-charide composition and basic structure of the polysaccharides.

关键词

银耳粉/银耳多糖/低温冲击磨/基本性质/流变特性/多糖结构

Key words

Tremella fuciformis powders/Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides/low-temperature impact milling/ba-sic pro-perties/rheological properties/polysaccharide structure

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出版年

2024
南方农业学报
广西壮族自治区农业科学院

南方农业学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.83
ISSN：2095-1191
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