Analysis of Influencing Factors on Point Source Emission Resolution Ability of Atmospheric CO2 Imaging Satellite Remote Sensing
Objective With the escalating concerns about global climate change and the intensification of the greenhouse effect,the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration is considered one of the primary driving factors.To effectively manage and mitigate these emissions,the accurate and real-time monitoring of atmospheric CO2 concentrations becomes particularly crucial.Monitoring atmospheric CO2 not only provides scientists with valuable information on current emission levels and changing trends but also offers policymakers a basis for decision-making to formulate or revise relevant environmental and climate policies.Moreover,by continually and accurately monitoring atmospheric CO2,we can gain a better understanding of its interactions with other climate parameters,thus supplying more accurate input data for global climate models.In recent years,satellite remote sensing technology has become a vital tool for monitoring atmospheric CO2,especially in vast or inaccessible regions.However,point source emissions,such as those from factories and power plants,tend to be highly concentrated spatially.For these small yet concentrated emission sources,traditional satellite remote sensing technologies may encounter challenges related to insufficient resolution.To address this challenge,this paper delves into a profound theoretical analysis of the spatial resolution capabilities of the next generation of imaging satellite remote sensing in monitoring atmospheric point source CO2 emissions.It quantifies the resolution capabilities and applicable scenarios of imaging satellites,laying a theoretical foundation for the resolution capability analysis and information interpretation methods of future imaging detection data for CO2 emissions,drawing from specialized backgrounds.Methods To explore the enhancement of point source CO2 emission monitoring capabilities by the spatial detection capabilities of satellite imaging remote sensing,this study is based on the CALPUFF Lagrangian particle dispersion model to investigate the dispersion state after carbon source emissions.Furthermore,based on the capabilities of satellite observation,we conduct an analysis of the spatial resolution capabilities of atmospheric CO2 satellite imaging remote sensing.The satellite imaging remote sensing's resolution capability for atmospheric CO2 primarily reflects the accuracy in the spectral,radiative,and spatial resolutions.Additionally,the CO2 concentration retrieval based on remote sensing data also involves the merits of the method and the accuracy of environmental parameters,making the analysis of satellite imaging remote sensing's CO2 monitoring capabilities a highly complex issue.Since Japan's GOSAT and the U.S.'s OCO-2 have already demonstrated retrieval capabilities of 4× 10-6 and 1× 10-6 respectively from spectral,radiative,and retrieval perspectives,this paper is built upon this foundation,that is,based on the existing remote sensing technology capabilities,to conduct simulations and analyses on spatial resolution capabilities.Simultaneously,to further quantify the detection capabilities of atmospheric CO2 under imaging satellite conditions,we introduce quantitative evaluation methods,namely,the pixel count statistical method and the emission flux algorithm.Under different satellite spatial resolution conditions,we quantitatively evaluate the spatial resolution capabilities of imaging satellites in detecting point source CO2 emissions.Results and Discussions We conduct an in-depth simulation analysis of the spatial plume distribution characteristics of point source CO2,focusing on the impact of different meteorological conditions and emission source intensities on its dispersion.Initially,the results show that under calm conditions,the spread of the CO2 plume takes on a concentric circular pattern.Under conditions with an emission source as high as 3000 t/h,its spatial dispersion can reach a radius of 1 km.This distribution characteristic suggests that under stable atmospheric conditions,the diffusion of pollutants is primarily driven by the motion of CO2 particles themselves,making their detection from a satellite perspective more prominent.In windy conditions,the presence of wind dominates the direction and scope of the CO2 plume's dispersion.As wind speed increases,the spatial range of CO2 dispersion expands,but its concentration gradient difference gradually narrows,especially evident when wind speeds reach 10 m/s.However,as the emission intensity of CO2 increases,the difference in its spatial concentration distribution grows exponentially.This effectively indicates that a higher emission source intensity can counteract some of the atmospheric CO2 dispersion dilution effects caused by increased wind speeds.Further analysis reveals that spatial resolution is crucial for the success of satellite detection.Within a spatial resolution range of 0.05-10 km,high-resolution detection pixels demonstrate significant advantages under various environmental conditions.Specifically,as the spatial resolution increases,the number of CO2 plume pixels identifiable from a satellite perspective notably grows.For emission sources of 3000 t/h compared with 500 t/h,the number of detectable pixels increases by nearly 15％on average.This further validates the pivotal role of spatial resolution and emission source intensity in satellite detection of CO2 plumes.Additionally,we also closely examine the impact of different satellite CO2 retrieval accuracies on detection capability.Data indicates that under the retrieval accuracy of 1×10-6 compared with 4×10-6,satellites can detect a greater number of pixels,with the difference reaching up to two times.Furthermore,when the emission intensity reaches the research-set maximum of 3000 t/h,compared with medium and low emission sources,the required spatial resolution is 2-4 km,further reducing the demands on satellite technology.Conclusions Considering the spatial plume distribution of atmospheric CO2,we comprehensively consider the effects of meteorological conditions and emission source intensity.In calm wind conditions,CO2 diffuses in concentric circles,with a diffusion radius of up to 1 km.Moreover,its spatial gradient is more substantial,making it more amenable to satellite detection.Both wind speed and CO2 source emission intensity have significant impacts on dispersion and detection.Notably,high wind speeds result in an expanded dispersion range but reduce gradient differences,while high emission sources enhance the feasibility of satellite detection.Meanwhile,high spatial resolution and XCO2 retrieval accuracy can improve detection results.A higher resolution can enhance the identification of CO2 plume patterns and reduce estimation errors of its emission intensity.Meanwhile,the retrieval accuracy of 1×10-6,compared with 4× 10-6,better highlights XCO2 gradient changes,improving estimation accuracy by 15％.Under various conditions,sources with high emission intensities are more easily and accurately identified,especially when the wind speed is 10 m/s,and the emission intensity is 1000 t/h,requiring a spatial resolution of up to 1 km.With the advancement of imaging satellite technology,the spectral and spatial resolutions of remote sensing will further improve.The application areas and demands for remote sensing will also expand,thus making more significant contributions to global carbon emission monitoring.
atmospheric opticsCO2 plumeemission intensityimaging satellite remote sensingspatial resolutiondispersion model
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