Electron and Ion Emission of Nanoparticles in Ultrafast and Intense Laser Field(Invited)
Significance In the past thirty years,measuring laser-induced fragments generated by atoms and molecules has become a key method for exploring and understanding atomic and molecular dynamics.Nanoparticles exhibit distinct size effects and surface near-field enhancement effects compared to individual atoms,giving them unique physical and chemical properties that have created immense technological and economic value in many application fields.The exploration of interactions between femtosecond laser pulses and nanostructures has led to many breakthrough scientific technologies,significantly advancing the fields of optoelectronics,nanoelectronic devices,nanomaterial processing,photocatalysis,biotechnology,and more.Understanding the ultrafast ionization dynamics of nanostructures is crucial for comprehending the fundamental physical processes at the atomic scale when nanostructures are excited by strong laser fields.This understanding is also valuable for regulating ultrafast ionization dynamics,promoting new nanotechnologies,and developing high-performance optoelectronic materials and chips.The scientific basis for these advanced technologies and cutting-edge applications lies in understanding the microscopic physical mechanisms of interactions between laser fields and micro-nano systems.With advancements in vacuum nanobeam source technology,the interactions between laser fields and individual nanoparticles using momentum detection spectrometers can be studied.Ultrafast femtosecond lasers,with their precise control time and frequency domains,offer high peak intensities and short pulse durations.The precise control over parameters such as wavelength,polarization,pulse width,intensity,and multi-pulse delay provides unprecedented methods for accurately measuring extreme ultrafast dynamic processes in nanomaterials,exploring strong field physical effects,and developing groundbreaking disruptive technologies.Utilizing nanoparticle beam targets in velocity imaging spectrometer systems has expanded laser ionization research from atomic to larger nanoscale systems,validating numerous fundamental physical results observed in atoms and driving forward the development of practical macroscopic applications.Progress A monodisperse nano aerosol system has been proposed(Fig.5).The development of a nanoparticle aerodynamic focusing system has been reported(Fig.6).A nano velocity imaging spectrometer has been developed(Fig.7).The physical mechanism of the M3C model has been reported(Fig.13).The analysis of electron momentum in nanostructures influenced by carrier-envelope phase has been reported(Fig.14).The femtosecond dynamics involved in the metallization of nanostructures have been explored(Fig.15).The focusing effect of electrons emitted from nanoparticles has been reported(Fig.21).Optical control of electron emission from nanostructures has been achieved(Fig.25).A strong laser-induced minimal shock wave has been reported(Fig.30).The synthesis of surface molecules on nanoparticles in a strong laser field has been reported(Fig.33).Complete optical control of laser-induced dense plasma emission has been achieved(Fig.36).Conclusions and Prospects Overall,the study of strong field ionization in nanostructures remains an emerging field,with many aspects of ultrafast electron-ion dynamics still not fully understood.Future research promises to focus on the precise control of electrons and ion emission,as well as the ultrafast measurement and manipulation of surface molecular reactions.In addition,the formation of isolated nanoscale plasmas under intense laser fields provides an excellent platform for investigating the properties of small-scale plasmas.This includes exploring complex physical processes such as the expansion of dense plasmas,identifying and measuring various ion types within plasmas,generating dense ion sources,and examining the spatiotemporal phase transitions of plasmas.
strong-field ionizationnanoparticlesnear-field distributionelectron and ion emission
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