Blood flow and oxygen metabolism in forearm muscle during cuff-based blood pressure measurement:a pilot study based on near-infrared spectroscopy
Objective To evaluate the changes of blood flow and oxygen metabolism in the forearm muscle during cuff-based blood pressure measurement.Methods Twenty healthy subjects were recruited in the Neurorehabilita-tion Ward and Outpatient Department of Ningbo Rehabilitation Hospital,Zhejiang Province from June 2021 to Au-gust 2021.A near-infrared probe was placed on the right forearm,and continuous near-infrared spectral waveforms during blood pressure measurement,including oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin(oxy-Hb/Mb),deoxygenated he-moglobin/myoglobin(deoxy-Hb/Mb),and total hemoglobin/myoglobin(tHb/Mb),were recorded.Five of the subjects had two blood pressure measurements,with an interval of 2 minutes.Based on the oxy-Hb/Mb waveform and current knowledge of hemodynamics,the characteristics of the three waveforms were analyzed.Results Ac-cording to the oxy-Hb/Mb curve,a clear double-peak waveform could be observed,which was divided into four sta-ges:in the first stage,the rising branch before the first peak increased rapidly to the first peak,which was due to venous occlusion and rapid accumulation of blood in the forearm;the second stage was the descending branch after the first peak,which indicated venous and arterial occlusion,with a decrease in oxy-Hb/Mb due to muscle oxygen consumption;the rising branch before the second peak was the third stage,suggesting that the reopening of the ar-tery led to accumulation of oxy-Hb/Mb;the fourth stage was the descending branch after the second peak,with the curve rapidly falling to the baseline level due to complete venous opening and blood refluxing to the heart.The curves of the first and second blood pressure measurements were similar for the five subjects.Conclusion The technology of near-infrared spectroscopy can sensitively reflect the complex changes of blood flow and oxygen metabolism in forearm muscle during cuff-based blood pressure measurement.
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