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中国野生半夏的遗传多样性和遗传结构研究

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第四纪气候波动以及地理和环境隔离深刻地影响了现代植物的遗传多样性、遗传结构和地理分布格局.该研究采用分子谱系地理学的研究方法对药用植物半夏19个居群共212个个体的3个叶绿体片段psbK-psbI、atpF-atpH和trnL-F进行分析,探究半夏的遗传多样性、遗传结构、地理分布格局模式及成因,并探讨其居群历史动态.结果表明:(1)半夏总单倍型多样性Hd为0.882,总核苷酸多样性π为1.23 × 10-3,在物种水平上表现出较高的遗传多样性.(2)分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,半夏遗传变异主要发生在居群间,显著的遗传分化(FST=0.909,P＜0.001)和较低的种群内遗传多样性(HS=0.134);种群间遗传分化系数NST=0.913＞GST=0.855(0.01＜P＜0.05),表明叶绿体单倍型具有明显的谱系地理结构.(3)中性检验结果显示,Tajima's D值、Fu and Li's D值以及Fu and Li's F*值均为不显著正值,Fu's Fs值为不显著负值且失配分析曲线呈双峰,表明半夏居群整体没有经历过扩张事件.(4)单倍型地理分布显示,西南地区和中-东部地区具有单倍型多样性较高,并存在特有单倍型,故推测第四纪冰期时在这两个区域存在冰期避难所.总之,通过3个叶绿体基因对不同区域半夏的分析,阐明了其遗传多样性、遗传结构和地理分布格局,为半夏优良种源的分子筛选和保护提出了科学的建议和保护策略.
Genetic diversity and genetic structure of wild Pinellia ternata(Araceae)in China
Due to global climate change(especially the repeated fluctuation of the Quaternary climate)and environmental isolation have a profound impact on the genetic diversity,genetic structure,geographical distribution pattern and population historical dynamics of modern plants.We used the research method of molecular pedigree geography to analyze the three non-coding chloroplast fragments psbK-psbI,atpF-atpH and trnL-F of 212 individuals from 19 populations in China of Pinellia ternata,a Araceae Pinellia perennial herb with high value of medicin,to explore the genetic diversity,genetic structure,geographical distribution pattern and its causes,and also explore the historical dynamics of its population.The results were as follows:(1)The total haplotype diversity(Hd)of P.ternata was 0.882 and the total nucleotide diversity(π)was 1.23 × 10-3,which means high genetic diversity at the species level.(2)The results of molecular analysis of variance(AMOVA)showed that genetic variation of P.ternata occurred mainly in 89.27％of populations,with significant genetic differentiation(FsT=0.909,P＜0.001)and lower within population genetic diversity(HS=0.134).The coefficient of genetic differentiation among populations was 0.855 and 0.913 respectively,NST＞GST(0.01＜P＜0.05)indicated that the chloroplast haplotypes had obvious molecular lineage and geographical structure.(3)The central test results showed that Tajima's D value,Fu and Li's D value and Fu and Li's F*value were insignificantly positive value.Fu's Fs value was insignificantly negative value.And the mismatch analysis curve showed double peaks,indicating that the P.ternata populations had not experienced expansion events.(4)The geographical distribution of haplotype showed that the southwest and central eastern regions were characterized by higher haplotype diversity,and there were unique haplotype.For this reason,it is speculated that there were ice age shelters in these two regions during the Quaternary ice age.In a word,through the analysis of three chloroplast genes of P.ternata in different regions,we have clarified its genetic diversity,genetic structure and geographical distribution pattern.In addition,we have put forward scientific suggestions and protection strategies for molecular screening and protection of excellent provenances of P.ternata.

Pinellia ternatageographical distribution patterngenetic diversitygenetic structureglacial refugia

吴敏、吴诗琪、潘凤、石甜、赵财

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贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院,山地植物资源保护与种质创新教育部重点实验室,山地生态与农业生物工程协同创新中心,贵阳 550025

半夏 地理分布格局 遗传多样性 遗传结构 避难所

贵州省科技支撑计划贵州省教育厅教育部重点实验室开放基金贵州省生物学国内一流建设学科开放基金贵州省中药材产业技术体系建设项目贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室开放基金

黔科合支撑[2019]2451-2号黔教合KY字[2019]033GNYL[2017]009GZCYTX-02[2020]2003

2024

10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202207008

广西植物
广西壮族自治区广西植物研究所,中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西植物学会

广西植物

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.719
ISSN：1000-3142
年,卷(期)：2024.44(4)
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