Spread dynamics and driving factors of alien invasive plant Solidago canadensis in Hubei Province
Solidago canadensis originated from North America,has become a notorious alien invasive plant widely distributed in China,which cause huge agricultural economic losses and serious ecological environment problems.In order to understand the invasive process and driving factors of S.canadensis in Hubei Province,combining with investigation,previous studies,news and media reports to collect the distribution sites of S.canadensis,the historical distribution dynamics of S.canadensis was simulated and reconstructed by the ArcGIS in Hubei Province.Moreover,the spread dynamics and its driving factors were analyzed by MaxEnt model.The results were as follows:(1)S.canadensis showed discontinuous aggregation distribution in Hubei Province.The early"jumping"invasion gradually transformed into the"gradual"spread from east to northwest Hubei in recent years.The Wuhan,Xianning and the central area of Yichang displayed the most serious invasion.(2)Human activities were the main factors promoting the spread of S.canadensis.It could move far away through transport along the road and railway.In addition,the invasive distribution sites of S.canadensis were positively correlated with human activity intensity and road network density in Hubei Province.(3)The precipitation of the driest quarter(Bio_17),temperature seasonality(Bio_4),mean temperature of the wettest quarter(Bio_8),the pH value of the soil(t_pH),the soil surface organic carbon content(t_oc)and the elevation(DEM)were key ecological factors affecting the propagation of S.canadensis.S.canadensis invaded easily with the t_pH value 4.0-7.5,the t_oc value 0.60%-1.12%,the Bio_4 value 880-920 and the Bio_8 value more than 24℃.Moreover,the potential distribution areas suitable for medium and high adaptive growth of S.canadensis could reach up to 75 200 km2.Combined with historical spread dynamics and affecting factors of S.canadensis invasion,the adaptive areas and invasive distribution sites have tended to reduce from east to west in Hubei Province,and the human activities is a major factor resulted in its invasion and distribution.Moreover,natural factors directly limit its population size and potential distribution areas at the invasion site in Hubei Province.This research provides theoretical support for risk assessment,monitoring and early warning,and prevention and control technologies of S.canadensis.
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